目的：建立由运动诱发的心房颤动（房颤）动物模型并评价其效果。方法24只成年健康新西兰大耳白兔，分为对照组（n=8）、中强度组（n=8）、高强度组（n=8）。对照组不进行任何训练，中强度组和高强度组采用兔实验跑台不同强度运动，每天1 h或一次性力竭（不足1 h），每周5 d，持续12周（第一周为适应性训练）。于运动前、运动后8周、12周通过超声心动图检测各组兔心房大小；运动结束后，24只兔采用离体心脏Langendorff系统进行灌流，行心房早搏程序刺激（S1S2）诱发房颤，记录房颤的诱发率。结果与对照组比较，中强度组和高强度组左、右房前后径在运动训练8周后均增加，12周后也增加，差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。与中强度组比较，高强度组左、右房前后径在运动训练8周后均增加，12周后也增加，差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。与对照组比较，中强度组（45%vs.60%）和高强度组（45%vs.90%）房颤发生率增加，差异有显著统计学意义（P均＜0.01）。结论长期高强度的跑台运动训练可使兔心房内径增加，房颤的诱发率增加。%Objective To establish the animal model of exercise atrial fibrillation (AF) and review its results. Methods Healthy adult New Zealand rabbits (n=24) were divided into control group, mid-intensity group and high-intensity group (each n=8). The control group did not do any exercises and other groups did treadmill running with different intensity (for 1 h or one-time exhaustive exercise) for 5 d a week for 12 w. The size of atrium was detected by using echocardiogram before exercise and 8 w and 12 w after exercise. After exercise finished, Langendorff system is employed for isolated heart perfusion in all rabbits, and AF was induced by using S1S2 and induction rate of AF was recorded. Results Compared with control group, the left atrial anteroposterior diameter and right atrial anteroposterior diameter increased in mid-intensity group and high-intensity group after 8 w and after 12 w (all P<0.05). Compared with mid-intensity group, the left atrial anteroposterior diameter and right atrial anteroposterior diameter increased in high-intensity group after 8 w and after 12 w (all P<0.05). Compared with control group, the incidence of AF increased in mid-intensity group (45%vs. 60%) and high-intensity group (45%vs. 90%, all P<0.01). Conclusion Long-term and high-intensity treadmill running can enlarge atrial inner diameter and increase AF incidence in rabbits.
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