学龄前儿童邻苯二甲酸酯暴露的累积风险评估

摘要

目的 通过检测尿中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)代谢物浓度,评估安徽省马鞍山市学龄前儿童累积暴露的健康风险.方法 基于中国-安徽出生队列,2014年4月至2015年4月在安徽省马鞍山市采集3 743名儿童的基本信息和随机尿样.采用固相萃取-三重四级杆高效液相色谱串联质谱-同位素稀释法检测尿中5种PAEs[邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP);邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP);邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯(BBzP);邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基己)酯(DEHP)]的7种代谢物[邻苯二甲酸单甲酯(MMP)、邻苯二甲酸单乙酯(MEP)、邻苯二甲酸单丁酯(MBP)、邻苯二甲酸单苄酯(MBzP)、邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基己)酯(MEHP)、邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基-5-氧己基)酯(MEOHP)和邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基-5-羟己基)酯(MEHHP)]浓度,根据代谢物浓度计算5种PAEs的每日估计暴露量.使用危害商(HQ)和危害指数(HI)法进行累积风险评估.结果 7种代谢物浓度M(QR)分别为29.58(18.69～48.26)、26.65(13.44～56.09)、256.86(150.99 ～438.51)、0.12(0.04～0.32)、6.27(3.71～ 11.13)、17.94(11.94～ 28.42)和24.80 (16.05 ～40.32)μg/g肌酐.5种PAEs的每日估计暴露量从高到低依次为DBP、DEHP、DMP、DEP和BBzP,M依次为7.54 (4.41 ～ 12.85)、3.35 (2.20～5.42)、0.75 (0.47～ 1.24)、0.71 (0.36～ 1.52)和0.003(0.001～0.009) μg/(kg·d).不同月龄、性别和采样季节间的HQ和HI差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 马鞍山市3～6岁学龄前儿童PAEs累积暴露的健康风险较高,年龄、性别和季节是其影响因素.%Objective The urine concentrations of phthalate metabolites were used to estimate the cumulative risk assessment in preschool children in Ma'anshan of Anhui province.Methods Based on the China-Anhui Birth Cohort,the demographic information and urine samples of 3 743 children were collected in Ma'anshan from April 2014 to April 2015.The concentrations of 7 metabolites' [monomethyl phthalate (MMP),monoethyl phthalate (MEP),monobutyl phthalate (MBP),monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP),mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP),mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)phthalate (MEOHP) and mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP)] of 5 phthalates [dimethyl phthalate (DMP),diethyl phthalate (DEP),dibutyl phthalate (DBP),butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP),and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)] in the urine samples of the children were measured by solid-phase extration-triple quadrupole high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-isotope method.In addition,the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of 5 phthalates were calculated according to the metabolites' concentrations.Cumulative risk assessment was performed using hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) methods.Results The M (QR) of seven metabolite concentrations were 29.58 (18.69-48.26),26.65 (13.44-56.09),256.86 (150.99-438.51),0.12 (0.04-0.32),6.27 (3.71-11.13),17.94 (11.94-28.42) and 24.80 (16.05-40.32) μ g/g creatinine,respectively.For the EDIs of 5 phthalates,DBP ranked first,followed by DEHP,DMP,DEP and BBzP with the M (QR) of 7.54 (4.41-12.85),3.35 (2.20-5.42),0.75 (0.47-1.24),0.71 (0.36-1.52) and 0.003 (0.001-0.009) μg/(kg· d),respectively.The HQ and HI varied with age,gender and sampling season,the differences were significant (P＜0.05).Conclusions These results indicated that risk of cumulative exposure to phthalates was high in preschool children aged 3-6 years in Ma'anshan.Age,gender and sampling season were influencing factors.