广东省9732名农村中小学生非致死性溺水流行特征分析

摘要

Objective To understand the incidence and characteristics of nonfatal drowning among primary and middle school students in rural area and to provide basic information for intervention.Methods A rural town was selected and all students from 3th-8th grades,10th grade and 11th grade were studied.All data were collected,using a self-administrated questionnaires which was guided by investigator.Results The overall incidence rate of nonfatal drowning was 5.65%(549/9732)and were 7.69%,5.80%,2.39%for primary,secondary and high school students,respectively.Male students had a higher rate(7.14%)than that of females(4.03%).The incidence rates of non-treated,treated in emergency and under hospitalization were 4.52%,0.77% and 0.35%.The major reasons of drowning were swimming (46.88%),falling into waters(15.67%),diving(13.79%)and rescuing others(6.24%).The proportion of drowning occurred in the afternoon,evening,at noon or in the morning were 59.94%,15.64%,14.77%and 9.65%respectively.The common sites of drowning were river/lake(42.48%),swimming pool(19.56%),reservoir(11.39%)and pond(4.38%).66.76%of the drowning cases were witnessed by other person,and 17.86%were conscious when being removed from waters.Conclusion The incidence of nonfatal drowning among students in rural areas was high,and the natural body of waters was the most common site causing drowning while swimming was the major reason of drowning.Intervention targeting on primary and middle sehool students in rural should be carried out to reduce the incidence.%目的 了解中小学生非致死性溺水的发生率及发生原因、地点、时间和现场急救等流行病学特点.方法 选取广东省一个农村地区乡镇的中小学生作为调查对象,调查样本为该镇中学初一、初二、高一、高二班的学生以及小学三年级及以上的学生.信息通过问卷调查获得,调查方式采用学生集中填写,调查员现场指导和审核后回收.结果 共调查了9732名中小学生,非致死性溺水的发生率为5.65%,小学、初中、高中分别为7.69%、5.80%、2.39%,有逐步下降的趋势(P＜0.01);男生发生率为7.14%,高于女生4.03%(P＜0.01).没有去医院治疗、急诊治疗和住院治疗的发生率分别为4.52%、0.77%和0.35%.游泳时发生溺水占46.88%,失足跌入水中、跳水、救人和其他原因发生溺水者分别为15.67%、13.79%、6.24%和17.42%.59.94%中小学生溺水发生在下午,其他依次为晚上(15.64%)、中午(14.77%)、上午(9.65%).溺水最常见的发生地点是江、河、湖泊(42.48%),其他依次为游泳池(19.56%)、其他地点(18.39%)、水库(11.39%)、池塘(4.38%)等.66.76%的溺水是在有人看见的情况下发生的,45.69%的溺水是他人抢救,17.86%的溺水者救起后没有知觉.结论 中小学生非致死性溺水的发生率高,溺水主要发生在自然水体,游泳是溺水的主要原因.