2006-2008年全国伤害监测中毒病例分布特征分析

摘要

Objective To study the preventive strategies through analyzing the poisoning cases from the National Injury Surveillance System (NISS), from 2006 to 2008. Methods Data of poisoning cases was descriptively analyzed from Chinese NISS, from 2006 to 2008. Results The proportion of poisoning cases to all injuries cases from NISS were 2.57%, 2.48% and 2.52% from 2006 to 2008, which ranked sixth in all the injuries causes. Most people being poisoned had junior middle school education and most of them were agriculture/animal husbandry/fishery/water producers or commercial/service personnel. Most of the poisoning incidents were happened at home, always occurred in leisure time - around 8 PM, every day. The common types of poisoning were alcohol,clinical drugs, pesticide and carbon monoxide. Unintentional injuries were the main causes. Self-harm/suicidal cases in the rural areas were more than in the urban areas, with women more than men. The main type of self-harm/suicide related poisoning cases were through drugs or pesticide. ≥65, 15-29and 30-44 year-olds were most commonly seen. Conclusion Alcoholism was the primary type of poisoning injuries which is the highest in young adults ( 15-29 years and 30-44 years). It's important to promote civilized drinking habits and limit access to alcohol for youth. Self-harm/suicide had close relationship with clinical drugs and pesticide. The key points to prevent pesticide and clinical drugs poisoning were safe storage of pesticides, universal security of pesticide, and the supervision on drug producing and marketing. Children and the elderly were the high risk people for carbon monoxide poisoning. Monitoring and intervention must be strengthened.%目的 分析2006-2008年全国伤害监测中毒病例分布特征.方法 针对中毒病例一般信息、中毒事件特征等进行统计分析.结果 2006-2008年全国伤害监测中毒病例分别占总伤害病例的2.57%、2.48%和2.52%,在所有伤害原因中居第六位;初中文化程度病例最多,病例职业分布以农牧渔水利业生产人员和商业服务业人员为主;中毒事件发生地点以家中最多,中毒发生时的活动以休闲活动为主,发生时点以20:00病例数最多;中毒类型最多的是酒精中毒,其次为药物中毒、农药中毒和一氧化碳中毒;伤害意图以非故意伤害为主,自残/自杀病例构成农村高于城市,女性高于男性,主要中毒类型是药物中毒和农药中毒,≥65岁、15～29岁和30～44岁年龄组自残/自杀病例的比例排在前三位.结论 酒精中毒是中毒伤害的首要类型,在青壮年(15～29岁和30～44岁)中比例最高;自残/自杀与药物和农药中毒关系紧密,安全贮存农药,普及农药使用安全,加强药品生产和市场营销的监管力度,是预防农药与药物中毒的关键;儿童和老年人是一氧化碳中毒的高危人群.