重庆市大学生自杀未遂者社会距离与社交限制的研究

摘要

目的 了解重庆市大学生中有无自杀未遂者对10种不同特征人群的社会距离和接纳程度的异同点.方法 采用<自杀态度与心理健康状况问卷>,在重庆市随机抽取的11所大学中调查9808名大学生,通过统计描述、t检验分析比较有无自杀未遂的大学生对10种不同特征人群(曾犯罪入狱、患高血压病、有过自杀行为、是同性恋、有过严重抑郁症、感染艾滋病毒、家人自杀死亡、有过吸毒、住过精神病院及曾酗酒)的社会距离和接纳程度.结果 在抽取的9808名大学生中有自杀未遂者169例,自杀未遂报告率为1.7%.有无自杀未遂大学生对于10种不同特征陌生人的社会距离,有9项均分高于50分,前三位均是感染艾滋病毒、有过吸毒、住过精神病院.有无自杀未遂大学生在对有过吸毒(有自杀83.38±21.82,无自杀78.55±21.55,t=2.88,下同)、住过精神病院(79.27±21.23,75.67±21.31,t=2.17)、同性恋(66.87±24.77,74.14±21.94,t=-4.25)、曾酗酒(66.72±21.80,61.00±22.80,t=3.23)及患高血压(56.65±20.40,53.36±21.05,t=2.01)的陌生人社会距离分值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).有无自杀未遂大学生对处于10种不同特征已认识的人的社会距离,有7项均分高于50分,前三位均是住过精神病院、有过吸毒及曾酗酒.有无自杀未遂大学生在对同性恋(35.28±30.38,42.83±30.76,t=-3.14)、有过严重抑郁(56.59±28.49,61.64±25.56,t=-2.53)及有过自杀行为(51.46±28.19,56.56±26.35,t=-2.48)的已认识人群的社会距离分值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 重庆市大学生对10种不同特征人群总体的社会距离和社交限制较大,自杀未遂大学生对某些人群的社会距离和社交限制较无自杀未遂者要小,可据此对自杀未遂者采取针对性干预措施.%Objective To explore the attitude towards 10 different populations with different characteristics on their social distance and acceptance among those people with or without suicidal attempts among college students in Chongqing.Methods 9808 college students were randomly selected from 11 universities in Chongqing and administered a self-constructed questionnaire"Suicide Attitude and Mental Health Status Questionnaire".A t-test was employed to analyze the social distance and degree of acceptance of college students with or without suicide attempts towards different groups as criminals,hypertensive,with suicide actions,homosexuals,depressive disorder,HIV infection,drug addiction,death of family members,hospitalization history in mental service and alcohol addiction.Results 169 college students had suicide attempts;the reporting rate of suicide attempts was 1.7%.Among college students.the scores higher than 50 on nine items related to social distance towards strangers with those 10 different characteristics and the top three were on those with HIV infection,drug addiction and hospitalization history in mental service.There were differences(P<0.05)in scores of social distance attitude towards strangers with drug addiction(with suicide attempts 83.38±21.82,without suicide attempts 78.55±21.55,t=2.88).hospitalization history in mental service(79.27±21.23,75.67±21.31,t=2.17),homosexuality(66.87±24.77,74.14±21.94,t=-4.25),alcohol addiction(66.72±21.80,61.00±22.80,t=3.23)and hypertension(56.65±20.40,53.36±21.05.t=2.01)between college students with or without suicide attempts.College students scored higher than 50 in 7 items of social rejective attitudes towards acquaintances,of those with hospitalization history in mental service,drug and alcohol addiction ranked the top three.It showed statistical significances in social rejection attitudes towards acquaintances with homosexuality(35.28±30.38,42.83±30.76,t=-3.14),severe depression(56.59±28.49,61.64±25.56,t=-2.53)and suicide behaviors(51.46±28.19,56.56±26.35,t=-2.48)between students with or without suicide attempts.Conclusion College students in Chongqing kept quite far social distance and restrictive behaviors in college students with or without suicide attempts.Targeted interventions on suicide attempters should be carried out accordingly.