中国北方城乡两地居民对10种特殊人群社会距离及社交限制的调查

摘要

Objective To investigate the attitudes and social acceptance towards 10 different populations among urban and rural residents in northern China. Methods A method of multistage stratified random sampling was adopted:ten neighbourhood committees in Beijing and ten villages in Hebei Wu’an city were chosen and 1007 persons (Urban 503, rural 504) older than 18 years were selected. Social distance and restriction scale was used to evaluate the attitudes and social acceptance. Results The social distance and restriction towards acquaintances with hypertensive, with sui⁃cide action, homosexuals were higher in urban residents than rural residents (P<0.05). The social distance and restriction towards acquaintances with criminals, drug addiction were higher in rural residents than in urban (P<0.01). The social distance and restriction towards the strangers with alcohol abuse, drug addiction were higher in rural residents than ur⁃ban residents (P<0.05). There were no differences in social distance towards acquaintances with above 10 populations with different characteristics among the male and female, while there were significantly differences towards the strangers except for the criminals and drug addiction between the male and female (P<0.01). Conclusion Compared with urban residents, rural residents have higher social distance score and lower acceptance level toward alcohol abuse, drug addic⁃tion and criminals. Women have higher social distance score.%目的：了解中国北方两地城乡居民对10种特殊人群的社会距离和接纳程度。方法采用分层随机系统抽样，调查北京市区10个居委会（n=503）和河北省武安县10个村庄（n=504）18岁及以上居民1007人。采用自行编制的社会距离及社交限制量表，评估城乡居民对10种特殊人群（曾犯罪入狱、患高血压病、有过自杀行为、是同性恋、有过严重抑郁症、感染艾滋病病毒、家人自杀死亡、有吸毒史、住过精神病院及曾酗酒）的社会距离和接纳程度。结果城市居民对熟悉人患高血压、有过自杀行为、是同性恋特殊人群的社会距离及社交限制得分高于农村（P<0.05）；农村居民对熟悉人曾犯罪入狱、有吸毒史的社会距离及社交限制得分高于城市（P<0.01）。农村居民对陌生人有吸毒史、曾酗酒特殊人群的社会距离及社交限制得分高于城市（P<0.05）。女性对陌生人患高血压、有过自杀行为、是同性恋、有过严重抑郁症、感染艾滋病病毒、家人自杀死亡、住过精神病院及曾酗酒特殊人群的社会距离及社交限制得分均高于男性（P<0.01）。结论与城市居民相比，农村居民对曾犯罪入狱、曾酗酒及有吸毒史特殊人群的社会距离更远，接纳程度更差。女性对特殊人群的社会距离更远、接纳程度更差。