辽宁、河南和湖南省1013名成年居民在外就餐状况及影响因素分析

摘要

目的 了解成年居民在外就餐状况及影响因素.方法 资料来源于2011年“中国健康与营养调查(CH-NS)”,2012年在其中3个项目省(辽宁、河南和湖南)各抽取2个市和2个县,在每个市调查点抽取2个城市居委会和2个郊区村,每个县调查点抽取1个县政府所在地居委会和3个村.将参加过2011年CHNS调查并有完整个人信息,且在本次调查时间内可随访问到的1013名18～ 59岁成年居民作为调查对象,调查中补充收集过去一周内在中/西式快餐店、中餐馆、流动食品摊、面包店/咖啡厅、食堂及其他餐馆就餐频率、费用、交通方式及其时间等信息,结合连续3天24小时膳食调查,分析不同地点在外就餐状况、能量和营养素摄入水平,探讨影响不同地点在外就餐的因素.结果 城乡居民总体一周在外就餐率分别为51.72％和39.14％;在西式快餐店、中餐馆、中式快餐店、流动食品摊、面包店/咖啡厅、食堂和其他餐馆每周就餐≥1次的人群比例分别为1.68％、23.49％、12.93％、10.37％、1.09％、10.07％和4.34％.每周在中餐馆就餐≥1次的居民与没有在中餐馆就餐者相比,能量、钙、铁、锌的摄入量较高;每周在食堂就餐≥1次的居民与没有在食堂就餐者相比,能量、蛋白质、膳食纤维、钙、锌的摄人量高.年龄、性别、教育程度、经济收入、城乡地区与成年居民在外就餐有关.结论 调查地区成年居民在外就餐较为普遍,应开展在外就餐的营养宣传教育,引导居民在外就餐时对健康食物的选择.%Objective To examine the characteristics of ‘eating out’ behavior among Chinese adults and to explore it related risk factors.Methods Data in the present study was from the China Health and Nutrition Study (CHNS),including those from Liaoning,Henan and Hunan as sample provinces.2 cities and 2 counties from each province and 2 urban communities and 2 suburban communities from each city plus communities from 1 township and 3 villages from each county were chosen.A final 1013 Chinese adults aged 18 to 59 years old who participated in the 2011 CHNS with complete individual information and were available in the present study period were involved in the study.‘ Eating out behavior’ was estimated through face-to-face interview on the items as:frequency,cost,ways of transportation and distance between restaurants,eating at fast food restaurants/Chinese full service restaurants/Chinese fast food restaurants/mobile food carts/cafes/canteens or other restaurants during the last week.Information on the amount of food intake was collected through three ‘24 h recalls’.We described the eating out behaviors by types of restaurants they had gone to and comparing eating out eaters and non-eating out eaters for a set of nutritional indicators in order to explore the risk factors related to ‘eating out’ behaviors.Results ‘Eating out’ was defined as individuals who consumed at least once in restaurants per week.In all the 1013 adults,51.72％ from urban and 39.14％ from rural were defined as having ‘eating out’ experiences.Proportions of eating out in western fast food restaurants,Chinese full service restaurants,Chinese fast food restaurants,mobile food carts,cafes,canteens and other restaurants were 1.68％,23.49％,12.93％,10.37％,1.09％,10.07％ and 4.34％,respectively.Energy,Ca,Fe and Zn intake were substantially higher among eaters eating at Chinese full service restaurants than those who had not,Energy,protein,fibers,Ca and Zn intake were higher among canteens eaters than those who did not.Age,gender,education,income and residential areas were associated with eating out behaviors.Conclusion Eating out is a significant nutritional issue among Chinese adults.Education related to nutrition should be taken into account to guide healthy food choices for adults who eat out.