2004-2013年北京市学龄儿童肥胖及相关代谢异常的流行趋势

摘要

Objective To analyze the trends on the prevalence rates of obesity and cardiometabolic among children and adolescents in Beijing,during 2004-2013.Methods Data was collected from three cross-sectional studies among children and adolescents,aged 7-17 years old in Beijing.Two studies in 2004 and 2013 were conducted in general population,and one was among obese children in 2007.Data on anthropometric measurements including weight,height,and age was collected from all the subjects.The obese children from all three studies underwent a clinic examination that containing blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose,lipid profile (TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C),and acanthosis nigricans.Liver transaminases detection(ALT and AST) and liver ultrasound examination were performed in obese children from surveys in 2007 and 2013.Results The prevalence of severe obesity increased from 1.86％ in 2004 to 4.17％ in 2013,with an annual increase rate as 0.26％.The proportion of severe obesity in obesity increased from 18.92％ in 2004 to 25.15％ in 2013.After adjusting for age and gender,the prevalence of IFG,hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C in both obese children and adolescents increased during 2004-2013 (all P＜0.05).The prevalence rates of hypertension,dyslipidemia,hypertriglyceridemia,and acanthosis nigricans in severe obese children were higher than those in moderate obesity.The proportion of children with 2 or more cardiometabolic risk factors in severe obese children was higher than in moderate obese children.Conclusion The prevalence rates of obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors among children and adolescents in Beijing showed an increase during 2004-2013.%目的 分析近10年北京市儿童青少年肥胖及相关代谢异常流行趋势.方法 研究对象来源于2004-2013年3次现况调查,年龄7～17岁.2004年和2013年调查为一般人群,2007年调查为肥胖人群.3个人群均进行身高、体重测量及对肥胖儿童健康评估,项目包括血压、FPG和血脂四项(TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C)及黑棘皮症检测.其中2次调查还加测2项肝酶学指标(ALT、AST)和肝脏B超(检查脂肪肝).结果 北京市7～17岁儿童重度肥胖的患病率分别从2004年1.86％上升至2013年的4.17％,年增长率为0.26％;肥胖人群中重度肥胖的比例从2004年的18.92％上升至2013年的25.15％.调整年龄、性别后,近10年肥胖儿童中IFG、血脂异常、高TG血症及高HDL-C血症患病率呈上升趋势(均P＜0.05).协方差分析调整年龄和性别,重度肥胖儿童高血压、血脂异常、高TG 血症及和黑棘皮症的患病率均高于轻中度肥胖儿童(均P＜0.05),3次调查重度肥胖儿童代谢异常个数≥2的比例高于轻中度肥胖儿童.结论 2004-2013年北京市儿童青少年肥胖及相关代谢异常呈不断上升趋势.