2011年江苏省地方性氟中毒健康教育效果评价

摘要

目的 评价江苏省地方性氟中毒健康教育效果,为制订防治策略提供依据.方法 2011年,根据江苏省的地方性氟中毒的历史病情,选择10个县(区),在每个县(区)选择3个乡,每个乡在中心小学校4～6年级学生开展地方性氟中毒的健康教育活动；在上述乡,每乡选择3个村,开展社区健康教育活动.在健康教育干预前、后,在每个乡的中心小学校抽取来自1个班级的5年级学生30名,在每所学校所在地抽取15名家庭主妇,进行饮水型氟中毒防治知识的健康教育问卷调查.结果 健康教育干预后,小学生与家庭主妇地方性氟中毒防治知识知晓率分别为95.90％ (2946/3072)和92.85％( 1752/1887),均较干预前[71.53％(2015/2817)和77.40％(1384/1788)]显著提高(x2值分别为657.337、174.894,P均＜0.01).健康教育干预前,小学生防治知识知晓率低于家庭主妇(x2=6.120,P＜0.05)；健康教育干预后,小学生防治知识知晓率高于家庭主妇(x2=21.847,P＜ 0.01).结论 实施健康教育干预后,病区小学生及家庭主妇地方性氟中毒防治知识知晓率显著提高,加强了病区群众参与地方性氟中毒防治的自觉性和主动性,病区群众逐步形成良好的生活方式,达到了预期效果.%Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on endemic fluorosis in Jiangsu province,and to provide reference data for further prevention and control of the disease.Methods In 2011,according to history prevalence of endemic fluorosis in Jiangsu province,a total of 10 countries were selected,and 3 townships were chosen in each county.Health educational activities were carried out in the classes of grade 4 - 6 in thecentral primary school.In the meantime,3 villages were chosen in each selected township where the health educational activities in the community were carried out.Before and after the health education activities,questionnaire surveys on knowledge of endemic fluorosis were conducted in each county.Thirty students in one classof the fifth grade in the central primary school were randomly selected,and 15 housewives near the central primaryschool were also randomly selected.Results After the health educational activities,the rates of knowledgeawareness in the students and the housewives were 95.90％ (2946/3072) and 92.85％ ( 1752/1887 ),respectively,and increased significantly compared with those before the intervention[71.53％(2015/2817),77.40％( 1384/1788 ) ],and the difference was statistically significant(x2 =657.337,174.894,all P ＜ 0.01 ).Before the health educational activities,the rates of knowledge awareness in the students were lower than those in the housewives,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =6.120,P ＜ 0.05 ).After the health educational activities,the rates of knowledge awareness in the students were higher than those in the housewives,and the difference was statistically significant(x2 =21.847,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The rates of knowledge awareness in the students and the housewives are increased significantly after the health educational activities.The consciousness and activity of the target people to take part in preventing and controlling of the endemic fluorosis have been enhanced greatly.The good behaviors in the target people are gradually formed,the desired effect is achieved.