北京市两地区中老年女性对日光防护行为的调查

摘要

Objective To investigate sun protection behavior among middle-aged and elderly women in Beijing.Methods The central (Xuanwumen district) and peripheral areas (Yanqing district) of Beijing city were selected for investigation from May to June in 2016.By random sampling and field investigation,interviewees completed questionnaires with the help of dermatologists.Results A total of 400 females aged 40-90 years were investigated,including 190 in the Xuanwumen district and 210 in the Yanqing district.Among all the subjects,the average duration of outdoor activities was 2 hours.Moreover,117 (29.2％) of the 400 interviewees had the active sun exposure habit,including 38 (18.1％) in the Yanqing district and 79 (41.6％) in the Xuanwumen district,and the proportion of subjects with the active sun exposure habit significantly differed between the two districts (x2 =26.582,P ＜ 0.001).In addition,67 (16.8％) interviewees had a sunburn history,and 130 (32.5％) were used to applying sunscreen.The proportion of sunscreen users was significantly higher in moderately or highly educated women (103 [45.2％]) than in lowly educated women (28/172 [16.3％],P ＜ 0.001).The proportion of sunscreen users in women with skin type Ⅲ (41.2％ [70/170]) was significantly higher than that in those with skin type Ⅳ (26.5％ [61/230],P =0.002).The scores for facial skin aging and dorsal hand skin aging were both significantly lower in sunscreen users than in non-users (Z =18.536,10.731,P =0.002,0.026,respectively).Conclusion The active sun exposure habit in the middle-aged and elderly women differs between the central and peripheral areas of Beijing,and the use of sunscreen is associated with education level.%目的 调查北京市中老年女性对日光的防护行为.方法 2016年5-6月选取北京市中心(宣武门地区)及边缘(延庆区)两个地区进行调查,采取随机抽样现场调查的方式,被调查者在皮肤科医生的帮助下完成问卷调查.结果 共调查400例40～ 90岁女性,其中宣武门地区190例,延庆区210例.受调查者中,每日户外活动时间平均为2h;117人(29.2％)有主动日晒习惯,包括延庆区38人(18.1％)、宣武门地区79人(41.6％),两地区之间主动日晒者比例差异有统计学意义(x2=26.582,P＜0.001);67人(16.8％)有过晒伤史;130人(32.5％)习惯使用防晒霜.受教育程度中等及以上者使用防晒霜的比例为45.2％(103人),显著高于受教育程度低等及以下者[16.3％ (28/172),P＜ 0.001];Ⅲ型皮肤者使用防晒霜的比例为41.2％(70/170),显著高于Ⅳ型皮肤者[26.5％(61/230),P=0.002];使用防晒霜者面部和手背皮肤老化评分均显著低于不使用者(Z=18.536,P=0.002;Z=10.731,P=0.026).结论 北京市城乡中老年女性主动日晒习惯存在差异,防晒霜使用情况与受教育程度相关.