盐酸帕洛诺司琼注射液预防化疗引起恶心呕吐的临床疗效观察

摘要

目的：观察盐酸帕洛诺司琼注射液预防化疗引起恶心呕吐的有效性和安全性。方法：采用多中心、分层随机、双盲双模拟、自身交叉阳性对照临床试验设计，全部入组125例患者，分为A方案（61例）和B方案（64例）。A方案为每组患者随机采用在第1周期使用盐酸帕洛诺司琼注射液、第2周期使用盐酸格拉司琼注射液，B方案与之相反。试验组为A、B方案中所有使用试验药物的患者，对照组为A、B方案中所有使用对照药物的患者。行2个疗程化疗方案的试验组和对照组的急性和延迟性呕吐的完全控制率以及不良反应比较。结果：中度致吐性化疗组中试验组的预防延迟性呕吐的完全控制率为76.92%（50/65）、对照组为55.38%（36/65），两组差异具有统计学意义（P=0.0110）。第1～5天中度致吐性化疗组中试验组的呕吐次数为（1.32±3.42）次、对照组为（1.94±3.03）次，两组之间比较差异具有统计学意义（P=0.0096）。试验、对照组不良反应发生率均较低，程度也较轻。结论：盐酸帕洛诺司琼预防中、高度致吐性化疗引起的急性及延迟性呕吐疗效确切，特别对预防中度致吐性化疗引起的延迟性呕吐，盐酸帕洛诺司琼优于盐酸格拉司琼，且盐酸帕洛诺司琼不良反应轻微，值得在临床上推广使用。%Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of palonosetron in preventing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. Meth-ods:A multi-center, randomized, double-blind, and self-cross-over positively controlled clinical trial design was used. All patients were randomized into two groups, as follows:Regiment A (61 cases) and Regiment B (64 cases). Regimen A with palonosetron hydrochlo-ride injection (test agent) was used in the treatment cycle A, whereas granisetron hydrochloride injection (control drug) was used in the cycle B. Treatments were randomly administered on the patients of the two groups. Regimen B was on the contrary, the control drug was used in the cycle A, and the test agent was used in the treatment cycle B. All patients treated with the test agent were classified as the test group, whereas those treated with the control drug were classified as the control group. Complete control rate and adverse reac-tion of acute and delayed vomiting in the two groups during the two cycles of chemotherapy regimen were compared. Results: In Group One, the complete control rate of delayed vomiting was significantly higher in the palonosetron administration cycles than in the granisetron cycles (76.92%vs. 55.38%, P=0.0110). In the same group, the frequency of vomiting was significantly less in palonosetron cycles than in the granisetron cycles during day 1 to day 5 (1.32±3.42 vs. 1.94±3.03, P=0.0096). The incidences of adverse effects were low in both groups. No grades 3 and 4 adverse effects were observed. Conclusion: Palonosetron showed efficacy in preventing the acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced vomiting. The drug is superior to granisetron, specifically in delaying vomiting in Group One. Palonosetron hydrochloride showed slight adverse effects. Hence, this drug can be used in clinic.