设计和制备能量转换和环境净化的高效异质结光催化剂

摘要

Photocatalysis has attracted much attention for its promise in converting solar energy to chemical energy and in degrading various pollutants. Many recent investigations have demonstrated photo-catalysts with well-defined junctions between two semiconductors with matched electronic band structures. Such structures effectively facilitate charge transfer and suppress recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, leading to extremely high activity and stability. In this review, we focus on the influence of the heterojunction on the performance of semiconductor photocata-lysts, including TiO2-based, ZnO-based, and Ag-based semiconductor photocatalysts. We also inves-tigate fabrication methods for heterojunctions and attempt to understand the mechanisms behind photocatalysis. Finally, we propose challenges to design and clarify the mechanism for enhancing the effect of the heterojunction on photocatalyst performance.%在过去的几十年中,光催化由于具有将太阳能转化为清洁氢化学能和降解各种污染物的广泛应用前景,因而引起了人们广泛关注。近期,很多研究表明,两个具有相匹配电子能级结构的半导体形成接触良好的异质结,可以有效地促进电荷转移和抑制光生电子(e-)和空穴(h+)的复合,从而显著提高光催化剂的活性和稳定性。本文主要讨论了异质结对半导体光催化剂的促进作用；分析了异质结对一些典型光催化剂如TiO2, ZnO和Ag基半导体等光催化性能的影响；讨论了异质结光催化剂的制备方法和对光催化过程影响的基本机理；最后,提出了设计和理解异质结促进光催化反应机理所面临的挑战。