TiO2广泛用作半导体光催化材料, 但由于自身对光利用率低(只吸收紫外光)、禁带宽度较大、光生载流子复合率极高, 限制了它在相关领域的应用. 为此, 设计了Ti3+离子自掺杂来克服TiO2半导体材料的上述缺点, 进而提高其光催化活性. 在不引入其他元素的情况下, 以TiOF2为原料, Zn粉为还原剂, 在水热条件下采用拓扑相变法原位制备了具有可见光响应的Ti3+自掺杂空盒状TiO2(记为Ti3+/TiO2)催化剂材料. 掺杂金属离子可以改变半导体TiO2的结晶度和产生晶格缺陷, 形成电子或空穴的捕获中心, 影响电子-空穴对的复合; 同时, 掺杂金属离子产生的晶格缺陷有利于Ti3+和氧空位的形成, 有利于提高TiO2的量子效率. Ti3+掺杂是一种既清洁又未引入其他金属离子的掺杂改性方法, 它能有效保持催化剂的结构和形貌不受其他金属离子的影响. 总之, 金属离子掺杂有效拓展了TiO2的光吸收范围, 并极大地提高了TiO2的光催化活性.本文研究了不同量的还原剂对催化剂空盒状TiO2结构形貌影响, 以及在可见光下光催化降解罗丹明B反应性能, 发现Ti3+/TiO2催化剂均拥有非常好的光催化活性, 其中R0.25催化剂在可见光下120 min, RhB降解率达到96%, 是TiO2的4倍多. 且可循环使用5次的光催化循环降解实验后, 表现出较高的稳定性. 催化剂经过Ti3+自掺杂后, 对催化剂自身的空盒状结构形貌并无很大的影响, 随着还原剂Zn粉的量增加, Ti4+还原形成Ti3+数量增加, 导致形成更多的氧空位. 皆为锐钛矿型TiO2,与未掺杂Ti3+的TiO2比较发现, 自掺杂Ti3+的TiO2的(105)XRD衍射峰越来越尖锐, (004)衍射峰越来越宽. 随着还原剂Zn粉质量的逐渐增加, 催化剂的光响应范围拓宽到可见光区, 且逐渐增强. 这说明Ti3+的掺杂不仅提高了TiO2在可见光的响应能力, 也提高了TiO2在紫外光范围的响应能力. 另外, 掺杂后的TiO2禁带宽度的减小, 使其价带上的电子更容易被可见光激发, 产生更多的电子-空穴对参与光催化反应, 从而提高TiO2的光催化效率.%Ti3+self-doped anatase three-dimensional (3D) TiO2 hollow nanoboxes were synthesized via a top-ological transformation process involving template participation by a facile one-pot hydrothermal treatment with an ethanol solution of zinc powder and TiOF2. It is worth noting that the 3D TiO2 hollow nanoboxes are assembled from six single-crystal nanosheets and have dominant exposure of the {001} facets. It is found from EPR spectra that adding zinc powder is an environment-friendly and effective strategy to introduce Ti3+ and oxygen vacancy (Ov) into the bulk of 3D hollow nano-boxes rather than the surface, which is responsible for their enhanced visible photocatalytic proper-ties. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by measuring the formation rate of hydroxide free radicals using 7-hydroxycoumarin as a probe. The sample prepared with zinc/TiOF2 mass ratio of 0.25 exhibited the highest RhB photodegradation activity under visible-light irradiation with a deg-radation rate of 96%, which is 4.0-times higher than that of pure TiO2. The results suggest a novel approach to construct in-situ 3D hierarchical TiO2 hollow nanoboxes doped with Ti3+ and Ov without introducing any impurity elements for superior visible-light photocatalytic activity.
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