Postoperative surgical site infection ( SSI ) is the most common hospital-acquired infection in spine surgery. The incidence of postoperative SSI is related to the differences in the risk of different spinal operations. Even though great advantages have been achieved by the use of antibiotics during the perioperative period, postoperative SSI is still an important factor influencing the clinical outcomes. The increase in the knowledge about risk factors and prevention measures could do good to the improvement of the surgeons' overview of this kind of complication. This will greatly reduce the incidence of postoperative SSI. Once postoperative SSI is clearly diagnosed, treatment should be carried out positively. Nowadays the clinical treatment includes debridement, antibiotic therapy, closed irrigation system, vacuum-assisted closed wound drainage system, muscle flap coverage, antibiotic cement therapy and so on. Although all of these treatment methods aim to reduce the incidence in SSI in spinal surgery, there are still potential risks.
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