微生物细胞CO2跨膜转运的研究进展

摘要

CO2是自然界储量巨大的游离性碳资源.关于CO2的生物转化,除了我们所熟知的植物光合作用外,许多微生物亦具备此能力.微生物利用CO2的首要步骤是完成CO2从细胞外向细胞内的跨膜转运,这也是决定微生物CO2利用效率的重要环节.本文中,笔者对目前微生物CO2跨膜转运的研究进展进行了总结,重点阐述了各类微生物CO2运输元件及其工作的分子机制以及通过优化CO2转运提高微生物利用CO2能力的策略.在此基础上,笔者还提出了今后微生物转化利用CO2的研究重点和关键科学问题,可为未来通过生物路线实现CO2的资源化利用提供借鉴.%CO2 is the free carbon resource with large reserves in the nature.Besides the well-known plant photosynthesis,many microorganisms can fix and utilize CO2 , where the first step is the transmembrane transportation of CO2 into cells. Here, we summarized the current research progresses in microbial CO2 transportation,especially focusing on CO2 transporters and the related molecular mechanisms,as well as the strategies to improve microbial CO2 utilization via engineering CO2 transport.On this basis,we further proposed key scientific problems and research emphasis in this area, to provide a reference to the biological uses of CO2 in the future.