阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是伴有认知功能障碍的神经退行性疾病, 其发病机制复杂且至今不明确, 一直是国内外医学研究领域的巨大挑战.而结构和扩散磁共振成像技术的发展, 为研究AD大脑宏观形态学-微观结构特性病变的机制研究提供重要技术手段.近年来, 研究发现, 这种宏观和微观结构的异常改变之间具有的内在联系, 对于揭示AD等衰老相关疾病的结构病变机理有非常重要的意义.针对该问题, 对近几年MRI的大脑宏-微观结构变化模式及相互关系的研究进行分析, 对其重要的分析方法和研究结论进行综述, 希望有助于今后对大脑宏-微观病变机理的深入开展.%Alzheimer′s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with cognitive impairment. The mechanism of AD is complex and not clear now and therefore still a great challenge in the field of medical research. The development of structure and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging technology can provide important technical means for studying the mechanism of macroscopic morphology and microstructural pathological characteristics of Alzheimer′s disease. In recent years, studies have observed that there are relationships between the abnormal changes of macroscopic and microscopic structure, which is of great significance for revealing the mechanism of structural changes in age-related diseases including AD. This article reviewed the studies on the pattern and interrelation of brain macro-microstructure changes to cognitive impairment in recent years, and summarized the important analysis methods and research conclusions. The mechanism of brain macro-microstructure pathology was discussed as well.
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