9～16岁中小学生自我意识与父母养育方式的关系

摘要

Objective To study the development of self-concept and parental rearing style in primary and secondary school students and the relationship between them.Methods A stratified cluster sample of 319 students from fourth grade in primary school to first grade in high school,9～16 years of age,were investigated with the Piers-Harris Children's self-concept Scale (PHCSS) and the EMBU.Results Inter-grade differences existed in the total score of self-concept and its subscales except popularity (F=2.170～4.288,P＜0.05),as well as in the most factors of parenting except father's intrusiveness,father's overprotection,mother's intrusiveness and overprotection,and mother's punishment (F=2.449～7.596,P＜0.05),with the maxima of self-concept (total score 61.05±9.00,behavior 13.85±1.94,intellect status 11.48±3.10,physical appearance 8.33±2.50,lack of anxiety 10.13±2.39,happiness 8.38±1.23) and the minima of father's punishment and rejection and mother's rejection (15.08±2.80,7.33±2.23,10.43±3.26) both in the sixth grade pupils (P＜0.05).Parental emotional warmth was positively correlated to self-concept (r=0.188～0.389),while parental punishment and mother's rejection was negatively correlated to (r=-0.112～-0.540),and father's rejection was also negatively correlated to (r=-0.160～-0.420) except physical appearance.All of these correlations were significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Self-concept of primary and secondary school students and parental rearing style interact with each other,and develop curvily with children's growing.%目的 研究中小学生自我意识与父母养育方式的发展状况和相互关系.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样,对小学四年级至高一319名9～16岁学生进行儿童自我意识量表和父母养育方式评价量表的施测和数据分析.结果 自我意识总分及其除合群以外的分量表,在各年级间差异有显著性(F=2.170～4.288,P＜0.05),以及除父亲过分干涉,父亲过度保护,母亲过分干涉、过度保护和母亲惩罚、严厉四个因子以外的父母养育方式大部分因子,在各年级间均有差异(F=2.449～7.596,P＜0.05).自我意识的最高值[自我意识总分(61.05±9.00)分,行为(13.85±1.94)分,智力与学校情况(11.48±3.10)分,躯体外貌与属性(8.33±2.50)分,焦虑(10.13±2.39)分,幸福与满足(8.38±1.23)分]以及父亲惩罚、严厉,拒绝、否认和母亲拒绝、否认的最低值[分别为(15.08±2.80)分,(7.33±2.23)分和(10.43±3.26)分]均在小学六年级(P＜0.05).父母情感温暖、理解与自我意识总分及其分量表呈正相关(r=0.188～0.389);父母惩罚、严厉,母亲拒绝、否认分别与自我意识总分及其分量表呈负相关(r=-0.112～-0.540);除躯体外貌与属性一个分量表,父亲拒绝、否认与自我意识总分和其余各分量表呈负相关(r=-0.160～-0.420);以上均为显著相关(P＜0.05).结论 中小学生自我意识与父母养育方式相互影响,且均随儿童年龄的增长而呈曲线发展.