The National Key Research Program on Global Change Study, "Air-Land-Sea (ALS) interactions in Asia and their role in the global climate change" was implemented in 2010. The ALS project team has achieved many of the program's scientific objectives in various fields. In the field of climatic dynamics, we found that the variations of sea surface temperature (SST) over the Indo-western Pacific warm pool are a vital driver for the interdecadal variability of the global tropical climate and an important modulator of global-scale subtropical droughts. We found an air-sea coupled cold-tongue SST mode in the eastern tropical Pacific and demonstrated the important role of this mode in the formation of different types of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) patterns. Furthermore, we illustrated the mechanisms involved in these patterns and their different influences on the East Asian climate. The characteristics of the thermal forcing anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau and their possible climatic effects are explored. In addition, we proposed a new theory of planetary waves in non-uniform basic flow, and performed preliminarily analysis of its features under different conditions of the East Asian summer monsoon. In the field of climate prediction methods, we developed several physically-based statistical prediction techniques or models, such as the new approach of time-scale decomposition downscaling, an empirical North Atlantic Oscillation-ENSO-based seasonal prediction model of the East Asian summer monsoon, and an empirical Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode-based East Asian climate prediction model. The good performances of these prediction models provide important references for the relevant project operational divisions. From the observational and data assimilation aspect, our achievements include the integrated ocean observation along the 18°N cross-section in the South China Sea, which laid the foundation for the formation of China's first long-term cross-section observation in the South China Sea. As for relevant international cooperation, the ALS project also continues to promote the leadership of the international programs of "Asian Monsoon Years (AMY 2007-2012)" and "East Asian Climate Modeling," which would enhance the international status of China in related fields.%围绕全球变化研究国家重大研究计划项目“亚洲区域海—陆—气相互作用机理及其在全球变化中的作用”预定的总体研究内容和科学目标,项目执行两年多以来,取得了一系列阶段性科研成果.关于气候动力学方面,项目揭示了热带印度洋—西太平洋暖池的海温变化是全球热带气候年代际变化的重要驱动力,是全球尺度副热带干旱的重要调控器；发现热带东太平洋海温存在冷舌模态,它是一个海气耦合模态,阐明在全球变暖背景下其对ENSO型态变异的作用及影响东亚气候的机理；揭示了青藏高原热力强迫的异常特征及其气候效应；提出了水平非均匀基流中行星波传播的理论,研究了其在不同东亚夏季风背景下的传播特征.关于气候预测方法方面,提出了若干有物理基础的气候预测方法,如尺度分离的降尺度预测新方法、基于北大西洋涛动(NAO)-ENSO的东亚夏季风预测模型、基于南半球环状模的东亚气候预测模型等,为业务部门提供了重要参考.关于观测方面,项目在亚洲区域海气补充观测和海洋资料同化方面也取得突出进展,成功进行了南海18°N断面海洋综合观测,为形成我国第一条南海断面长期海气观测打下了基础.在国际合作方面,项目还继续推动和领导了“亚洲季风年”(AMY2007-2012)与“东亚气候模拟”国际计划,提升了我国在该领域的国际地位.
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