肥胖对儿童青春期性发育的影响及作用机制

摘要

Timing of puberty showed a dramatic decrease in the past decades,and it depends on the gene,nutrition,environment,social economics,and so on.Childhood obesity affects both the timing of puberty and sex hormone levels.However,the influence of obesity on the timing of puberty has gender differences.Current studies show that childhood obesity accelerates the onset of puberty in girls,but it still has controversy in boys.Mechanisms of concrete have not clear,may be related to the subjectivity of standard of male sexual development and the correlation of body mass index as a substitute for male obesity is poor.Through literature review at home and abroad,this article will explain the influence of obesity on the timing of puberty,sex hormone levels and its gender differences,further explore the possible mechanisms of body fat participate in starting the gonad axis,and provide new research direction on the "switch" for the gonad axis.%儿童青春期启动时间呈年代提前趋势,受基因、营养、环境及社会经济等因素的影响.肥胖不仅影响儿童青春期启动的时间,对青春期激素水平也有重要影响.但肥胖对儿童性发育的影响具有性别差异,目前普遍研究认为肥胖能促进女性青春期启动,但对男性性发育的作用尚存争议,具体机制尚未研究明确,可能与男性性发育判断标准的主观性及体质量指数作为男性肥胖替代指标的相关性差有关.现通过国内外文献复习,阐述肥胖对儿童性发育时间、青春期性激素水平的影响及其性别差异,并进一步探讨体脂参与性腺轴启动的可能机制,为性腺启动的“开关”作用提供新的研究方向.