为了筛选民猪和大白猪背最长肌中的差异表达基因,本研究采用高通量测序技术,构建了民猪(脂肪型)和大白猪(瘦肉型)背最长肌组织的数字基因表达谱,对差异表达的数字基因进行了筛选与注释,并进行了GO和通路的功能显著性富集分析.结果表明,民猪和大白猪分别获得5 000 000多条可用的标签数据(Clean tag),其中拷贝数大于100的标签所占比例最高,分别为88.62％和84.62％；完全比对到正义链上,且1个标签仅比对到1个基因的分别为2 351 788和2 388 175条.以大白猪为对照组,民猪与之相比,差异倍数在2倍以上的共有1 098个基因,其中44个上调表达,1 054个下调表达,有11个基因只在民猪中表达,256个基因只在大白猪中表达,差异表达基因中包括多个与肌内脂肪含量、脂类代谢、肉色、嫩度和肌肉生长发育相关的基因或转录子.民猪和大白猪分别预测到了23 853个和34 731个定位在猪基因组不同位置的新转录本,其中包含存在1个碱基错配的标签.民猪和大白猪之间的差异基因在细胞所处位置方面显著富集的条目有细胞质、膜旁细胞器、色素粒、水解性液泡、部分细胞内等共计18个；在基因分子功能方面显著富集的条目有蛋白结合和氧化还原酶活性2个；在参与的生物过程方面显著富集的条目有对压力的应答、对活性氧的应答和羧酸代谢过程等14个.显著富集的通路共计11个,按照P值从小到大的顺序,溶酶体、PPAR信号通路和胆汁酸合成通路为差异最显著的3个通路.本研究结果可为今后挖掘新基因和研究影响猪肉品质的遗传因素等提供理论依据.%In order to find the different expression genes in longissimus muscle of Min pig and Yorkshire pig. In this study, the digital gene expression(DGE) profile in longissimus dorsi muscle of Min pig (fat) and Yorkshire pig (lean) were built by high-throughout sequencing technology, the different expression genes were screened and annotation. Significant enrichment analysis of GO and Pathway were done. The results showed that more than 5 000 000 clean tags were obtained from Min pig and Yorkshire pig, the tags whose copy number were greater than 100 occupied the most percentage, Min pig and Yorkshire pig were 88. 62% and 84. 62%, respectively. Completely blast to the sense chain and one tag only blast to one gene, Min pig and Yorkshire pig were 2 351 788 and 2 388 175, respectively. Min pig compared to Yorkshire pig, different multiples more than two times were 1 098, among them, 44 were up-regulated genes and 1 054 were down-regulated genes, 11 genes expressed only in Min pig, 256 genes expressed only in Yorkshire pig. Different expression genes included some genes and transcripts related to intramuscular fat content, lipid metabolism, meat color, tenderness and muscle growth, 23 853 and 34 731 novel transcripts located at the different sites of the pig genome were predicted in Min pig and Yorkshire pig, respectively, which including one base mismatch tags. Terms from the component ontology were 18, including cytoplasm, membrane-bounded organelle, pigment granule, lytic vacuole, extracellular region part, etc. Terms from the function ontology were 2, including protein binding and oxidoreductase activity. Terms from the process ontology were 14, including response to stress, response to reactive oxygen species and carboxylic acid metabolic process, etc. Terms from pathway were 11, according to the P value from small to large, lysosome, PPAR signaling pathway and primary bile acid biosynthesis were the most significantly different pathways. The results of this study could provide a theoretical basis for studying the novel genes or finding genetic factors affecting pork quality.
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