microRNA在反刍动物中的研究进展

摘要

MicroRNAs ( miRNAs) are around 22 nucleotides non⁃coding RNA that target to the base⁃pairing 3′untranslated region ( UTR) of specific mRNAs and inhibit their translation or degradation. MiRNAs widely ex⁃ist in animals and plants and may play important roles in the regulations of developmental and physiological processes. This review summarized the biogenesis, mechanism and prediction methods of miRNAs, and their gene expressions and functions, and focused on research progress in ruminants.%微小RNA（ microRNA，miRNA）是一类长度在22个核苷酸左右的小分子非编码RNA，通过与3＇端非翻译区的碱基配对靶向调节mRNA的表达从而抑制其翻译或降解。 miRNA广泛存在于动物和植物中，可以参与调节多种发育调控和生物学过程，本文在总结miRNA的来源、作用机制、预测方法及其基因表达与功能的基础上，综述了其在反刍动物中的研究进展。