饲粮双低菜籽粕水平对含黄素单氧化酶3基因型产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和蛋黄三甲胺含量的影响

摘要

本试验研究了饲粮双低菜籽粕水平对含黄素单氧化酶3(FMO3)基因型产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和蛋黄三甲胺(TMA)含量的影响.选用已知FMO3基因型褐壳产蛋鸡336只,其中杂合型(AT)、突变型(TT)基因型各144只,每个基因型随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只鸡;野生型(AA)基因型48只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复2只鸡.各组分别饲喂双低菜籽粕添加水平为0(对照)、7％、14％和21％的试验饲粮,试验期6周.结果表明:1)饲粮双低菜籽粕水平、FMO3基因型及其交互作用显著影响产蛋鸡的平均日采食量(P＜0.05),但对平均蛋重、料蛋比无显著影响(P＞0.05);14％和21％双低菜籽粕水平组平均日采食量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);AA基因型组平均日采食量和产蛋率显著低于其他基因型组(P＜0.05).2)饲粮双低菜籽粕水平、FMO3基因型及其交互作用对产蛋鸡的蛋形指数、蛋壳强度、蛋白高度和哈氏单位均无显著影响(P＞0.05);但双低菜籽粕水平显著影响了蛋黄颜色值(P＜0.05),21％双低菜籽粕水平组蛋黄颜色值显著小于其他组(P＜0.05).3)饲粮双低菜籽粕水平、FMO3基因型及其交互作用显著影响产蛋鸡的蛋黄TMA含量(P＜0.05);蛋黄TMA含量随饲粮中双低菜籽粕添加水平的增加而增加,21％双低菜籽粕水平组蛋黄TMA含量显著高于其他组(P＜0.05);TT基因型组蛋黄TMA含量显著高于AA和AT基因型组(P＜0.05).根据产蛋鸡蛋黄TMA含量(y)和饲粮双低菜籽粕水平(X)的关系得出回归方程:Y=25.457 0X+2.852 0(R2=0.976 5)(TT基因型);Y=7.685 7X+1.943 0(R2=0.952 5)(AA基因型),若使蛋黄TMA含量低于嗅觉阈值,对TT基因型产蛋鸡而言,饲粮双低菜籽粕水平应低于4.62％,对AA基因型产蛋鸡而言,饲粮双低菜籽粕水平应低于26.76％.结果提示,当饲喂产蛋鸡含双低菜籽粕饲粮时,如TT基因型产蛋鸡不产鱼腥味鸡蛋,AA和AT基因型产蛋鸡即不会产鱼腥味鸡蛋;饲粮双低菜籽粕水平低于4.62％时,TT基因型产蛋鸡不会产生鱼腥味鸡蛋,并且对生产性能和蛋品质无不良影响.%This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Canola meal level on performance,egg quality,and trimethylamine (TMA) content in egg yolk of flavin-containing monooxygenases 3 (FMO3) genotype laying hens.A total of 336 FMO3 genotype brown shell laying hens,consisting of 48 hens of AA genotype,144 hens of AT genotype and 144 hens of TT genotype,were used in this study.Hens with AT and TT genotypes were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 6 birds per replicate,and those with AA genotypes were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 2 birds per replicate.The laying hens in four groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control),7％,14％ and 21％ Canola meal,respectively.The experimental period lasted for 6 weeks.The results showed as follows:1) dietary Canola meal level,FMO3 genotype and the interaction of dietary Canola meal level and FMO3 genotype significantly affected average daily intake of laying hens (P＜0.05),but had no significant effects on average egg weight and the ratio of feed to egg (P＞0.05).The average daily feed intake in 14％ and 21％ Canola meal level groups was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.05).The average daily feed intake and egg production in AA genotype group were significantly lower than those in the other genotype groups (P＜ 0.05).2) Dietary Canola meal level,FMO3 genotype and the interaction of dietary Canola meal level and FMO3 genotype had no significant effects on egg-shape index,eggshell strength,albumen height and Haugh unit of laying hens (P＞0.05).But dietary Canola meal level had significant effect on the value of egg yolk color (P＜0.05),and the value of egg yolk color in 21％ Canola meal level group was significantly lower than that in the other groups (P＜0.05).3) Dietary Canola meal level,FMO3 genotype and the interaction of dietary Canola meal level and FMO3 genotype had significant effect on TMA content in egg yolk of laying hens (P＜ 0.05).The TMA content in egg yolk was improved with increasing dietary Canola meal level,and TMA content in egg yolk in 21％ Canola meal level group was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P＜ 0.05).The TMA content in egg yolk in TT genotype group was significantly higher than that in AA and AT genotype groups (P＜0.05).According to the regression equation of the TMA content in egg yolk of laying hens (Y) and dietary Canola meal level (X):Y=25.457 0X+2.852 0 (R2 =0.976 5,TT genotype),Y=7.685 7X+ 1.943 0 (R2 =0.952 5,AA genotype),dietary Canola meal level should be lower than 4.62 ％ (TT genotype hens) or 26.76％ (AA genotype hens) to make the TMA content in egg yolk lower than the estimated human olfactory threshold.The results suggest that when laying hens with TT genotype were fed the diet supplemented with Canola meal do not product fishy eggs,hens with AA and AT genotype will not product the fishy eggs,too.Thus,dietary Canola meal level lower than 4.62％ can not make laying hens with TT genotype product fishy eggs,and has no negative effects on performance and egg quality.