饲粮添加发酵中药渣对围产期母猪粪便微生物及其代谢产物的影响

摘要

本试验旨在比较中药渣和发酵中药渣对母猪粪便微生物及其代谢产物的影响,为其在母猪饲粮中的应用提供依据.试验选用2~4胎次、预产期相近的二元母猪60头,随机分为3组,每组20头.3组分别在基础饲粮中添加2 kg/t的米糠(对照组)、2 kg/t的中药渣和2 kg/t的发酵中药渣.从妊娠85 d开始饲喂,到产后21 d结束.分别于妊娠110 d和产后21 d,每组随机收集8头母猪的新鲜粪便样品,测定微生物数量以及短链脂肪酸(SCFA)和生物胺的含量.结果表明:与对照组相比,中药渣组母猪产前粪便中丙酸含量显著增加(P<0.05),丁酸(P=0.086)、直链脂肪酸(P=0.068)和总SCFA(P=0.089)含量呈增加趋势,苯乙胺含量显著降低(P<0.05);产后粪便中1,7-庚二胺和酪胺含量显著降低(P<0.05).发酵中药渣组母猪产前粪便中1,7-庚二胺、亚精胺和精胺含量均显著降低(P<0.05),乙酸(P=0.068)、丁酸(P=0.082)、直链脂肪酸(P=0.058)和总SCFA(P=0.064)含量呈增加趋势;产后粪便中乳酸杆菌数量显著增加(P<0.05);产前和产后粪便中大肠杆菌数量、酪胺含量显著降低(P<0.05).综上,饲粮添加中药渣或发酵中药渣可改善围产期母猪后肠微生物菌群平衡,增加SCFA含量,减少生物胺含量,这有利于机体的能量供给和健康.%This study was conducted to compare the effects of herb residue (HR) and fermented HR on fecal microbes and their metabolites in sows,to provide the basis for their application in sow production.Sixty crossbred sows with the same expected date of delivery during the 2 to 4 parities were used and randomly allocated to one of three groups with 20 replicates.The diets were supplemented with 2 kg/t of rice bran (control group),2 kg/t HR,or 2 kg/t fermented HR,respectively,in the same basal diets.These diets were fed from 85 days post service to postpartum 21 days.Eight sows per group were randomly selected to collect the fresh feces at 110 days of pregnancy and postpartum 21 days,respectively,to analyze the amount of microbes,contents of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and bioamines.The results showed that the fecal propionate content at antepartum from sows in the HR group was significantly increased (P<0.05),the fecal contents of butyrate (P=0.086),straight-chain fatty acids (P=0.068) and total SCFA (P=0.089) displayed a trend toward increasing,and the fecal content of phenylethylamine was dramatically decreased (P<0.05),as well as the fecal contents of 1,7-heptanediamine and tyramine at postpartum (P<0.05),when compared with the control group.The fecal contents of 1,7-heptanediamine,spermidine,and spermine at antepartum from the sows in fermented HR group were significantly decreased (P<0.05),the fecal contents of acetate (P=0.068),butyrate (P=0.082),straight-chain fatty acids (P=0.058) and total SCFA (P=0.064) displayed a trend toward increasing,and the fecal Lactobacillus amount at postpartum was dramatically increased (P<0.05),while the fecal Escherichia coli amount and tyramine content at antepartum and postpartum were significantly decreased (P<0.05),when compared with the control group.These findings suggest that dietary HR or fermented HR can improve the balance of hindgut microflora and increase the SCFA content,while decrease the contents of bioamines,which is beneficial to supply energy and improve the health of peripartum sows.