壳聚糖在奶牛中的生物学功能及应用

摘要

Chitosan is a natural active product, which is converted from chitin by deacetylation. Due to its characteristics of mucosal adhesion and positive charge, chitosan can effectively promote intestinal absorption of nutrients, as well as proliferation and differentiation of mammary epithelial cells, thus, further protective the intestinal and breast tissues. Dietary chitosan addition can affect rumen fermentation mode and microbial com-munity, further reduce methane emissions and improve performance and immune function of dairy cows. In ad-dition, as its characteristics of non-drug resistance, safe, no residue, and so on, chitosan not only can inhibit the activity of bovine mastitis pathogen growth, also can effectively improve the antioxidant capacity and pro-mote inflammation rehabilitation, which has broad application prospects in dairy production. Overall, the bio-logical functions of chitosan and its application in production of dairy cows were reviewed in this paper, which would provide a theoretical basis for the further application of chitosan in dairy cows feeding.%壳聚糖是甲壳素脱乙酰基得到一种天然活性产物,具有黏膜黏附力及带有正电荷等特性,可有效促进肠道吸收营养物质和乳腺上皮细胞的增殖和分化,进而对肠道和乳腺组织起到保护作用.饲粮中添加壳聚糖能改变奶牛瘤胃发酵模式和菌群结构,使瘤胃的甲烷产量下降,并可提高奶牛的生产性能和免疫功能.此外,壳聚糖还具有无耐药性、安全、无残留等优点,不仅对奶牛乳房炎的主要致病菌的生长有抑制作用,还可有效地提高乳房炎奶牛的抗氧化能力和促进炎症康复,使其在奶牛生产实践中具有广阔的应用前景.本文主要从壳聚糖在奶牛体内的生物学功能及在生产中的应用研究进展进行综述,对壳聚糖在奶牛生产实践中进一步的应用提供理论支持.