饲粮粗蛋白质水平和氨基酸平衡性对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响

摘要

本研究旨在探讨饲粮粗蛋白质水平和氨基酸平衡性对肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响.选取平均初始体重为(69.3±3.6) kg的杜×长×大去势公猪125头,随机分为5个组,每组5个重复,每个重复5头猪.5个组分别为:高蛋白质饲粮组(粗蛋白质水平约为14％)、低蛋白质(粗蛋白质水平约为10％)-氨基酸平衡饲粮组以及3个低蛋白质(粗蛋白质水平约为10％)-氨基酸不平衡饲粮组(在低蛋白质-氨基酸平衡饲粮组的基础上分别将含硫氨基酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸与赖氨酸的比例降低10％).所有饲粮的标准回肠可消化赖氨酸水平均设置为0.71％,低蛋白质-氨基酸平衡饲粮组中标准回肠可消化苏氨酸、标准回肠可消化含硫氨基酸和标准回肠可消化色氨酸与标准回肠可消化赖氨酸的比值分别为0.67、0.60和0.20.试验期为28 d.结果显示:与低蛋白质-氨基酸平衡饲粮组相比,高蛋白质饲粮组肥育猪的平均日采食量有下降趋势(P=0.05),低蛋白质-低色氨酸饲粮组肥育猪平均日增重和平均日采食量均显著下降(P＜0.05),低蛋白质-低苏氨酸饲粮组和低蛋白质-低含硫氨基酸饲粮组肥育猪的生长性能无显著差异(P＞0.05).饲粮粗蛋白质水平和氨基酸平衡性对肥育猪的胴体性状和肉品质无显著影响(P＞0.05).因此,低蛋白质-氨基酸平衡饲粮不影响育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质,分别降低10％标准回肠可消化含硫氨基酸、标准回肠可消化色氨酸和标准回肠可消化苏氨酸对肥育猪胴体性状和肉品质无显著影响,但降低10％标准回肠可消化色氨酸显著降低肥育猪平均日增重和平均日采食量.%This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein level and amino acid balance on growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs.A total of 125 Durco×Landrace×Large White barrows with an average initial body weight of (69.3±3.6) kg were assigned into 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and each replicate had 5 borrows.The five groups were as follows:high protein diet group with about 14％ crude protein in diet,low protein with about 10％ crude protein-balanced amino acid diet group,and three low protein with about 10％ crude protein-unbalanced amino acid diet groups with the ratio of sulfur-containing amino acids,threonine and tryptophan to lysine 10％ lower compared with the low proteinbalanced amino acid diet group,respectively.The standard ileal digestible lysine (SID Lys) levels of all diets were set at 0.71％,and the ratios of standard ileal digestible threonine (SID Thr),standard ileal digestible sulphur amino acid (SID SAA) and standard ileal digestible tryptophan (SID Trp) to SID Lys in the low proteinbalanced amino acid diet group were 0.67,0.60 and 0.20,respectively.The experiment lasted for 28 days.The results showed that,compared with the low protein-balanced amino acid diet group,a tendency of decrease of the average daily feed intake was found in high protein diet group (P =0.05),and significant decreases of the average daily gain and average daily feed intake were found in the low protein-tryptophan diet group (P＜0.05),while neither significant difference was found in the low protein-threonine diet group nor the low protein-sulphur amino acid diet group (P＞0.05).Dietary crude protein level and amino acid balance had no significant influences on the carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs (P＞0.05).The results indicate that the low protein-balanced amino acid diet has no adverse effects on growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs,and 10％ lower of SID SAA,SID Thr and SID Trp have no significant influences on the carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs,but 10％ lower of SID Trp significant decreases the average daily weight and average daily feed intake of finishing pigs.