Aptamers are all new ligands with a high affinity for considerably differing molecules ranging from largetargets as proteins over peptides, complex molecules to drugs and organic small molecules or even metal ions. These molecules are identified and selected through an in vitro process called systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). Aptamers are widely used, including medical and pharmaceutical basic research, drug development, diagnosis, and therapy. Analytical and separation tools bearing aptamers as molecular recognition and binding elements are another big field of application. The SELEX method was modified over the years in different ways to become more efficient and less time consuming, to reach higher affinities of aptamers selected and higher automation of process. In reviewing this technology, the article covers the topic, following a general introduction, under the headings: the SELEX protocol, the development of aptamers by use of SELEX, and the application of aptamers in food safety.%核酸适体(Aptamer)是经体外筛选技术(SELEX)筛选出的能特异结合蛋白质或其它小分子物质的寡聚核苷酸片段,对可结合的配体有严格的识别能力和高度的亲和力.经过十几年的发展,SELEX技术已经成为一种重要的研究手段和工具,被广泛应用到分子生物学、基因组学、临床医学等领域.高通量筛选的技术特点与Aptamer精确识别、易体外合成与修饰等特性,使得Aptamer在分析化学与生物医药研究方面具有广阔的应用前景.本文对提高筛选效率和效果为目标的核酸适体筛选技术新进展、核酸适体技术在食品安全分析中的应用进行了回顾,展望了核酸适体在食品安全分析上的应用前景.
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