Aptamer with small molecular weight, simple structure and easy synthesis, repeatable usage and long-term preservation, has important applications in biosensor field. Several common used methods for aptamer fixed onto the sensor surface were introduced in this view, including the goldsulfur self-assembled monolayers, covalent bond, biotin/avidin affinity, complementary nucleic acid chain connection, as well as current research progress and the characteristics of each method. The wide detection range, low detection limit, short detection time and multi-detection will be the development trend and emphasis for aptasensors used in food quality and safety testing, disease diagnosis, drug analysis, environment monitoring , etc.%适配体分子量小、结构简单、易于合成、适于反复使用和长期保存,适用于生物传感器领域.本文介绍了常见的适配体在传感器表面固定的方法,包括金硫键自组装膜、化学键共价结合、生物素/亲和素亲和作用、互补核酸链连接等,阐述了目前的研究进展,并分析比较了各种方法的特点.适配体传感器在检测范围、检出限、检测时间、多组分同时检测等方面的发展,将推动其在食品质量安全检测、疾病诊断、药物分析、环境监测等领域的广泛应用.
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