北京地区尘螨过敏患者家庭螨类调查

摘要

Background To investigate the species and proportion of mites in house dust from mite-allergic patients'families in Beijing area,forming the basis of evidence for the prevention and treatment of dust mite allergy.Methods The house dust samples were collected in 38 houses of mite-allergic patients by vacuuming from December 2008 to January 2010.Mites were collected by flotation method from house dust samples.House dust samples were prepared on slides,and mites were identified under microscopy. Results 345 house dust samples were collected,in which 64.6% were infested with mites.Totally 22 species of 15 genera representing 12 families belonging 3 orders of Acari,and 2 species of 1 genera representing 1 family belonging to Psocoptera of Insecta were identified.Dermatophagoides siboney,which can also cause allergic diseases,was first found in China.Among all 1798 specimens,Dermatophagoides farinae (62.46%),Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (21.47%),Dermatophagoides siboney (5.28%)were the top three predominant species among the mites in house dust samples in Beijing.The positive rates of samples were higher in bungalow (91.1%)and lower in storeyed house (59.5%).The mite density was highest in pillows (282 individuals/g dust),followed by mattresses (120 individuals/g dust)and sofas (115 individuals/g dust).The density of domestic mites was highest in September through October and lowest in March and November.Conclussion Dermatophagoides siboney was first found in Beijing,China,and also was first reported in Asia and in temperate zone.Dermatophagoides farinae (64.5%)was the predominant species in house dust samples in Beijing,which was followed by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(22.2%) and Dermatophagoides siboney (5.3%).The density of domestic mites was highest in September through October since December 2008 to January 2010.%目的：调查北京地区尘螨过敏患者家庭螨类种类和比例，为北京地区尘螨防治提供理论依据。方法以北京协和医院就诊的38例北京地区尘螨过敏患者为研究对象，于2008年12月至2010年1月入户吸尘采集其所在家庭室内尘土样本，采用漂浮法收集尘土中的螨，分离制片，显微镜下分类计数并绘图。结果38个家庭共采集样本345份，螨检出率为64．6％；经分离鉴定得出蜱螨亚纲3目12科15属22种，其中丝泊尘螨为我国致敏螨类一新纪录种；昆虫纲啮虫目1科1属2种。在分析的1798个标本中，主要致敏螨种前3位的依次为粉尘螨（62．46％），户尘螨（21．47％）和丝泊螨（5．28％）。对不同采集地点的调查结果表明，平房（91．1％）样本阳性率高于楼房（59．5％）。对不同生活环境螨密度的数据分析表明，枕头的平均螨密度最高，达到282只螨/克尘土，其次为床褥（120只螨/克尘土）和沙发（115只螨/克尘土）。平均螨密度在9至10月达最高峰，5至7月和12月至次年1月也出现2个高峰，3月和11月密度最低。结论本研究首次发现并报道了北京地区存在的丝泊尘螨，亦属于亚洲首次报道。北京地区室内优势螨种为粉尘螨，其次为屋尘螨和丝泊尘螨，平均螨密度在9至10月达最高峰。