基于地力评价的耕地利用类型分区研究r——以沁阳市为例

摘要

For quantitative evaluation of cultivated land productivity scientifically,to understand the spatial distri-bution pattern,is to realize the differential protection of arable land and the elaborating management important guar-antee. In this paper,taking land plots for the evaluation unit,the application of the analytic hierarchy process,fuzzy mathematics method and comprehensive index method,the city of Qinyang farmland were quantitatively evaluated, analyzed the characteristics and regularity of regional spatial distribution of cultivated land fertility. According to the soil fertility evaluation results,combined with the practical situation of Qinyang,delineated the specific type of culti-vated land use zoning. The results show that:Qinyang one or two,three level of cultivated land fertility accounted for the total cultivated area ratio and 76. 7%,and soil fertility low four,five etc. together accounted for 23. 3%of culti-vated land fertility,that is in the middle and upper level in the whole,but there are still in low yielding fields need to carry out soil fertility cultivation. The cultivated land fertility higher level,two level is mainly distributed in the southern city of Qinyang,while the lower level Four and level five is distributed in the city region of northeast. Com-bined with the practice,the cultivated land use types can be divided into five different zones,respectively,the low mountains and hills of grain,northern forest,Guo Gan and arid regions,the north central part of the flood alluvial plain of garlic,ginger,qin River beach area of four Huai medicines District,central and Southern alluvial plain grain yield area and Middle Eastern alluvial plain ring city vegetables,grain and the fruit zone.%对耕地地力科学合理地定量评价,了解其空间分布格局,是实现耕地差异化保护、精细化管理的重要保障.文章以耕地地块为评价单元,应用层次分析法、模糊数学法及综合指数法,对沁阳市耕地地力进行了定量评价,分析了耕地地力空间地域分布特征与规律.根据地力评价结果,结合沁阳市实际,划定了具体耕地利用类型分区.研究结果表明:沁阳市一、二、三级地力耕地占全市耕地总面积的比例之和为76.7%,而地力较低的四等地、五等地合计占23.3%,说明耕地地力在整体上处于中上等水平,但仍有较多中低产田需要开展地力培育.耕地地力较高的一级地、二级地主要集中分布在沁阳市南部,而较低的四级和五级地则分布在市域东北部.结合实际,将耕地利用类型划分为5个不同分区,分别为北部低山丘陵粮、林、果干旱区,中北部洪积冲积平原蒜、姜区,沁河河滩四大怀药区,中南部冲积平原粮食高产区及中东部冲积平原环城菜、粮、果区.