英美两国卫生改革的比较与启示

摘要

The article introduced health systems of UK and USA,which were positioned at two extremes of the health system spectrum,the former run by an omnipotent government and the latter led by market. Recently,they have both passed revolutionary healthcare reform acts. The ideology of UK health reform is to devolve powers,become professional and realize de-administration,while that of USA is to strengthen government regulation on the basis of privatization acting as the main stream and enlarge the insurance coverage so as to ensure the equity of healthcare. These two different reforms lead them to a multi-cooperative health system led by government. The enlightenment to China was also discussed.%介绍了英美两国的卫生体系，它们曾经分别处于卫生系统的两个极端：前者是政府包办，后者是市场主导。近几年，它们各自通过了革命性的卫生法案，开启了新的卫生改革。英国改革的主要思想是在政府主导的基础上放权、专业化、去行政化；美国改革的主要思想是在私有成分占主流的基础上加强政府对医疗保险的规制，扩大医保覆盖面，保障卫生服务公平性。阐述了不同的卫生改革使两国都走向政府主导下多元合作的卫生系统，并由此提出对中国的启示。