Objective The study was designed to estimate the status and influential factors of food allergy in order to prevent the disease and provide guidance for paediatric clinic.Methods 403 children with food allergy skin prick test (SPT) strongly positive(++ and +++) from 2004 to 2006 were reviewed.Results The strongly positive rates for SPT in 2004,2005,2006 were 3.35%,3.82%,3.58% respectively.The age of all children who were diagnosed of strongly positive was 6.10 months.Among the 403 samples,54 weren′t introduced complementary food when they were diagnosed,55 were introduced before 4 months,254 beween 4 and 6 months(63.3%),40 after 6 months (9.93%).Of these,344 were sensitized to eggs (85.36%),180 of milk allergy (44.67%),followed by peanut,fish and shrimp.237(58.51%) were sensitized to single food allergen,the rest were sensitized to multitude food allergens (41.19%).The number of children with at least one first-degree relative (parent or sibling) atopic diseases is 121(24.32%),256 weren′t have family history of atopic diseases (63.52%).98 mothers took food of high protein during pregnant and lactation,especially eggs and milk.Conclusion In recent years,there has no significant rise of the strongly positive rates for SPT in Chongqing.The main food allergen is egg ,followed by cow′s milk.The most susceptible age of food allergy was 4~6 months;two-thirds of children weren′t have family history of atopic diseases;a quarter of mothers took food of high protein during pregnant and lactation.%目的 探讨儿童食物过敏的现状及其影响因素,以期为食物过敏的预防及儿科临床工作提供一定的指导.方法 对403例食物过敏皮肤点刺试验(SPT)强阳性(++和+++)患儿进行回顾性分析.结果 2004、2005、2006年儿童食物过敏SPT强阳性率分别为3.55%、3.82%、3.58%,各年的SPT强阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).403例患儿诊断食物过敏的平均月龄为6.10个月.在403例SPT强阳性患儿中,无变态反应性疾病家族史者256例(63.52%),有家族史者147例(36.48%);诊断食物过敏SPT强阳性时未添加辅食者有54例,月龄＜4个月时添加者55例,4～6个月时添加者254例,＞6个月时添加者仅有40例(9.93%);对鸡蛋过敏者344例(85.36%),对牛奶过敏者180例(44.67%).结论 婴儿的食物选择应遵循其发育的规律,不能过早地引入固体食物;有变态反应性疾病家族史的婴儿,应注重环境对疾病的影响;儿科医生特别是儿童保健工作者,在临床工作中应更新观念,正确指导婴儿添加辅食,以减少食物过敏的发生.
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