目的 2010年12月,美国心脏协会(American heart association,AHA)/美国卒中协会(American stroke association,ASA)发表了卒中一级预防指南,指南概述了已明确和正在明确的卒中危险因素,为降低首次卒中风险提供循证性建议.方法 本指南系统地回顾了各种循证医学证据,遵循AHA准则,对2006年的指南进行了全面的修订.结果 指南对个体首次发生卒中风险的评估方案进行了评定.根据危险因素干预或风险标记物的可能性和证据强度,将卒中一级预防的危险因素分为不可干预的危险因素、证据充分的可干预危险因素和证据不太充分或潜在的可干预危险因素,对每项危险因素增加了新证据,根据新证据更新了推荐建议或推荐级别.指南首次增加了急诊室卒中一级预防和改善卒中预防策略依从性的相关内容.结论 大量证据显示了各种危险因素,从而为减少首次卒中的发生提供了策略.%Objective This guideline was published by the AHA/ASA in Dec 2010, providing an overview of the evidence on established and emerging risk factors for stroke to provide evidence - based recommendations for the reduction of risk of first - time stroke. Methods Systematic evidence - based reviews were considered and standard AHA criteria were followed when complete revision of the 2006 statement were performed to formulate this very guideline for primary prevention of stroke. Results Schemes for assessing risk of first - time stroke were evaluated. According to potential for modification and strength of evidence , risk factors or risk markers for first - time stroke were classified as non - modifiable, well - documented hence modifiable risk factors, and less well - documented or potentially modifiable risk factors. This guideline included new evidence for each of risk factors, and updated recommendations or recommended levels based on these evidences. Contents about primary prevention in the emergency department and preventive strategies to improve adherence were first described. Conclusion Extensive evidences indicate all kinds of specific factors that increase the risk of first - time stroke and provide possible strategies for reducing this risk.
展开▼
