无症状性颈动脉狭窄与认知功能障碍关系研究进展

摘要

As a high risk factor of stroke,asymptomatic carotid stenosis( ACS)refers to carotid artery stenosis without relative neurologic symptoms and cerebrovascular diseases(i. e. stroke or TIA). It is mainly caused by atherosclerosis. In recent years,a number of studies show that ACS is an independent risk factor of cognitive disorders. The pathogenesis of cognitive disorders could be explained by brain microthrombus and hypoperfusion which are related to carotid artery stenosis. Carotid endarterectomy( CEA) or carotid artery stenting( CAS) can improve cognitive function of patients with ACS. Understanding the relationship between ACS and cognitive disorders and also the nosogeny is important for preventing and treating cognitive disorders for patients with ACS. This paper was a review of the findings of the relationships between ACS and cognitive disorders.%无症状性颈动脉狭窄（ACS）指颈动脉狭窄不合并颈动脉相关神经系统症状及脑血管疾病（如脑卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作），主要由动脉粥样硬化引起，是脑卒中的高危因素。近年有研究发现，ACS 独立于血管性危险因素引起认知功能障碍，认为 ACS 是认知功能障碍的独立危险因素，发病机制涉及颈动脉狭窄相关的脑微栓塞和脑低灌注。颈动脉内膜剥脱术（CEA）或颈动脉支架成形术（CAS）能够改善 ACS 患者认知功能。了解 ACS 与认知功能障碍是否直接相关及其发病机制，有助于指导 ACS 患者预防和治疗认知功能障碍。本文总结 ACS 与认知功能障碍关系的研究进行综述。