血小板保存期内的细菌污染分析和应对策略

摘要

临床血小板输注已经成为了当代输血医学中的一个重要组分，通过血小板输注，可以治疗临床多种疾病引起的血小板减少、功能障碍及大量失血后的凝血机制障碍和凝血因子的补充。但是，由于血小板制品保存的特殊要求，血站向临床提供的单采血小板和手工血小板最多只能在(22±2)℃储存箱中振荡保存5 d，而这种储存方式也恰恰利于细菌的繁殖，极少量的细菌在保存期内可以大量繁殖，如果输注到患者体内，极有可能导致败血症的发生，危及患者生命。因此，对于防止血小板保存期内细菌污染的检测方法和灭活技术已经成为当代医学的重要课题，本文针对目前国内外的血小板制品细菌筛查方法和灭活手段进行分析和总结。%Today platelet transfusion has been a important part of modern transfusion medicine,several patients attacked by hemorrhagic diseases can receive timely treatment through platelet transfusion,for example low platelets,platelet disability,disturbances of blood coagulation and blood coagulation factor supplement.Because of special request for platelet conserve,the single donor platelets and platelet concentrates have a shelf life of only 5 days in preservation box(22℃±2℃,agitating),and the save mode is just in favor of the growth of bacteria,very small amounts of bacteria can multiply rapidly,the results blood transfusion will potentially lead to sepsis and endanger patient life.Therefore,how to prevent platelet contamination and bacteria inactivation have already become an important topic in modern medicine.This article summarized and analyzed the bacterial screening and inactivating methods for platelet components at home and abroad.