急性心肌梗死患者溶栓后出血预测因素分析

摘要

Objectives: To observe the prevalence of bleeding and to explore the independent predictors of bleeding in ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction patients with fibrinolysis therapy in China. Methods: From January 2013 to June 2014, 1 568 patients undergoing fibrinolysis in the Chinese Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (CAMI) were prospectively included. Patients were divided into bleeding group (bleeding after fibrinolysis, n=55) and no bleeding group (without bleeding after fibrinolysis, n=1 513). Logistic regression analysis was performed to define the independent predictors of bleeding. Results: The prevalence of bleeding with fibrinolysis in these patients was 3.5% (55/1 568). The fibrinolysis success rate is 86%. Among them, the rate of intracranial bleeding was 0.6%, and the rate of gastrointestinal bleeding was 1.9%. The fibrinolysis success tended to be higher in patients with bleeding (94.1% vs 85.7%, P=0.0589) ,and the mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with bleeding (20.0% vs 7.1%, P=0.0019) . Logistic regression analysis showed that age≥75 years (OR=2.45, 95%CI:1.10-5.46, P=0.0290) and use of rtPA (HR=3.41, 95%CI:1.48~7.86, P=0.0040) were independent predictors of bleeding after fibrinolysis in this patient cohort. Conclusions: The prevalence of bleeding after fibrinolysis in Chinese STEMI patients is low. Older age and rtPA use are independent predictors of bleeding after fibrinolysis in this patient cohort.%目的:了解急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者接受溶栓治疗后的出血发生率,并探讨出血相关的预测因素.方法: 2013-01至2014-06纳入中国急性心肌梗死(CAMI)注册研究中1 568例行溶栓治疗的急性STEMI患者,了解其溶栓后出血发生率,并根据出血情况,分为出血组(n=55)和未出血组(n=1 513),同时利用Logistic多元回归模型分析出血相关因素.结果: 1 568例急性STEMI患者溶栓后,临床判断溶栓成功率为86%,出血发生率为3.5%,其中脑出血发生率为0.6%,消化道出血为1.9%.与未出血组相比,出血组溶栓成功率高,趋近统计学差异(94.1% vs 85.7%, P=0.0589),死亡率明显较高(20.0% vs 7.1%,P=0.0019).Logistic多元回归分析显示,高龄(≥75岁)(OR=2.45, 95%CI:1.10~5.46,P=0.0290),和使用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rtPA)(OR=3.41,95%CI:1.48~7.86,P=0.0040)是院内溶栓出血的独立预测因素.结论:中国急性STEMI患者溶栓合并出血事件率较低,高龄与使用rtPA是出血的独立预测因素.