生物炭添加对马铃薯根际土壤真菌多样性和产量的影响

摘要

以马铃薯品种克新1号为试材,在土壤中分别添加10、20、40 t·hm-2玉米秸秆生物炭,利用ITS高通量测序技术,研究不同生物炭添加量对马铃薯根际土壤真菌多样性和产量的影响.结果表明:各生物炭处理均降低了土壤真菌丰度,其中以T3处理(添加生物炭20 t·hm-2)丰度最低.马铃薯根际土壤真菌主要包括5个门、25个纲、62个目、120个科、201个属和345个种,在门分类水平上优势真菌群落为子囊菌门,相对丰度为86.86％～95.86％.添加生物炭处理有利于提高子囊菌门的丰度,降低担子菌门和接合菌门的丰度;在科分类水平上,添加生物炭处理提高了粪壳菌目Incertae sedis 23、小子囊菌科、毛壳菌科、丛赤壳科的丰度,降低了子囊菌科、粪壳菌科、粪壳菌目Incertae sedis的丰度.添加生物炭处理提高了马铃薯单株产量、单株结薯数和商品薯率,其中T3处理效果最显著.综合产量指标和真菌多样性分析,T3处理最有利于马铃薯产量提高和土壤改良.%Taking'Kexin No.1'as experimental material, this paper studyied the effects of adding different biochar quantities (10, 20, 40 t·hm-2) on diversity of potato root rhizosphere soil and yield of potato by ITS high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that all biochar treatments reduced the soil fungal diversity, and the fungal abundance of T3 treatment (20 t·hm-2) was the lowest.The potato rhizosphere soil fungi mainly included 5 phyla, 25 classes, 62 orders, 120 families, 201 genera and 345 species.The dominant fungi community at the phylum classification level was Ascomycota.Its relative abundance was 86.86％-95.86％. Adding biochar treatment could increase the abundance of Ascomycota and reduce abundance of Basidiomycete and Zygomycota.At the level of family taxonomy, adding biochar treatments could increase the abundance of Sordariaceae Incertae sedis 23, Microascaceae, Chaetomiaceae, Nectriaceae and reduce the abundance of Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, Sordariales Incertae sedis.The potato yield, tuber number per plant and commercial potato rate were significantly increased by adding biochar treatments.Among them T3 had significant effect.By comprehensive analysis on yield index and fungi diversity, T3 treatment was most conducive to increase potato yield and improve soil fertility.