Objective :This paper ,basing on the means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) , studied a middle&long‐distance race athletes metabonomics characteristic 30min after a class of heavy load training .Methods :14 male athletes from Shanghai athletic team were chosen as subjects .The training class included :A special endurance :8 000m ;B special speed‐endurance (500m faster+ 100m slower)* 16 .The urine samples were collected before and after 30min from training .Aliquots of urine sample were thawed for metabonomic analysis through 1 H NMR spectroscopy .All NMR experiments were carried out at 300K on a Bruker (Karlsruhe , Germany ) Avance III 600 M Hz spectrometer equipped with an ultra‐low temperature probe . The FIDs processing was conducted using the software MestReNova Version 8 .1 .4 (Mestre‐lab Research S .L .) .The normalized integral values were mean centered for principal compo‐nent analysis (PCA ) ,partial least squares‐discrimination analysis (PLS‐DA ) ,and orthogonal projection of latent‐structure‐discrimination analysis (OPLS‐DA ) by SIMCA‐P + software package (ver .12 .0 ,Umetrics AB ,Umeå ,Sweden) .Results :NMR spectra of urine samples were dominated by the numerous signals from lactate ,creatinine ,N‐oxide ,The metabolites of concentration rising included ,butyrate ,leucine ,isobutyrate ,lactate ,succinate ,hypoxanthine ,2‐hydroxybutyrate ,2‐hydroxyisovalerate ;The metabolites of concentration declining included pyruvate ,glutamine ,citrate ,formate and glycine .Conclusion :This class presents the character‐istics of anaerobic ,aerobic and mixed oxygen metabolism ,and conforms to the characteristics of modern middle & long‐distance race ,and achieves the purpose of the training class and gets a effectiveness .The rising of butyrate and isobutyrate after the training may be a key metabolism of aerobic .The declining of creatinine and rising of TMAO may be the key metabolisms of fa‐tigue due to heavy load training .%目的：基于核磁共振（NM R ）代谢组学的手段，研究一堂中、长跑运动员大负荷训练课30 min后的代谢组学特征。方法：选取14名上海市田径队中、长跑组男运动员为研究对象。训练内容包括：1）专项耐力：8000 m、休息20 min ；2）专项速度耐力：（500 m 快跑＋100 m慢跑）×16次，分为两组（12＋4），两组间隔6 min。训练前和训练后30 min采尿样。所有 NMR实验均在298 K温度下，在带有超低温探头的600 MHz brokerAvance III HD的核磁共振谱仪上进行。采集尿液样品的1 H NMR谱，用 MestReNova V8．1．4对所有一维1 H NMR谱进行处理，归一化处理后的数据输入SIMCA‐P＋12．0软件包中，进行中心化标度化处理，进行主成分分析（PCA ），最小二乘法‐判别式分析（PLS‐DA ）和正交最小二乘法‐判别式分析（OPLS‐DA ）。结果：训练前、后尿液样本有明显的区分。对训练前、后尿液样本区分有贡献的代谢物主要有：训练后尿液中乳酸、甘氨酸和N‐氧化三甲基胺有明显的上升，肌酐含量下降。去除乳酸和肌酐后，载荷图显示，训练后，丁酸、亮氨酸、异丁酸、乳酸、琥珀酸、次黄嘌呤、2‐羟基丁酸、2‐羟基正戊酸的含量上升；丙酮酸、谷氨酰胺、柠檬酸、甲酸脂和甘氨酸的含量下降。结论：本次训练课呈现出无氧、有氧以及混氧代谢的特点，符合现代中、长跑运动比赛的特点，达到了本次训练课的目的，训练有较好的效果，但也出现了一些较严重的疲劳症状。丁酸、异丁酸浓度在训练后升高，亮氨酸浓度下降有可能是有氧代谢的潜在标志性代谢物。运动后肌酐浓度下降和 TMAO浓度上升，可能是大负荷训练造成疲劳的重要潜在生物标志物。
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