氮肥后移对滨海盐碱地水稻产量的影响

摘要

以水稻品种盐粳456为材料，采用小区对比方法，探讨了氮素基蘖穗肥不同施用比例对滨海盐碱地水稻生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明，在确保水稻有效分蘖临界叶龄期茎蘖数达到收获穗数的前提下，氮肥适当后移，增加穗肥的比例，可协调水稻的群体指标，有效控制分蘖高峰期群体茎蘖数，提高茎蘖成穗率与单位面积颖花量；有利于提高齐穗期群体叶面积指数、高效叶面积率、成熟期干物质积累量以及齐穗后干物质积累量占籽粒产量的比例。基蘖肥与穗肥比例为6∶4时，可获得最高单产788.2 kg/667 m2，比5.5∶4.5和7∶3的处理分别增产1.2%和11.9%。%The effect of different proportion of base-tiller N fertilizer and panicle N fertilizer on growth and yield of rice in coastal saline alkali land by the plot comparative test was studied in this paper, with Yanjing 456 as material. The results indicated that postpone nitrogen fertilizer could coordinated the rice population, controll tillers in the peak tillering stage, increase the rate of tillers to panicle and glumous flower per unit. It can promote the leaf area index (LAI) and high-efficiency leaf area rate of full heading stage, the dry matter accumulation in mature stage, and the rate of dry matter accumulation after heading to the yield. The treatment with base-tiller N fertilizer and panicle N fertilizer of 6∶4 reached the highest yield of 788.2 kg/667 m 2.