电动车组牵引传动系统的实时仿真研究

摘要

A discrete mathematical model of the traction drive system, including a traction transformer,two four-quadrant converters, an intermediate DC circuit, a PWM inverter and a traction motor, is established based on Simulink through analyzing the structure and the working principle of the traction drive system of an electric multiple unit. Combined with a real-time simulator named dSPACE, a real-time simulation platform of the traction drive system is established. The platform, which includes a virtual traction drive system, a real traction controller and their connect box, can simulate the changes of physical variables of the traction drive system. And it's the first time that a virtual driver's console and a virtual central control unit join the real-time platform to simulate the response of the traction drive system to the drivers' actions. An on-vehicle TCU program is tested on the platform, the output traction characteristic curve is similar to the designed one, and the voltages and the currents of the four-quadrant converters and the traction motors under the traction and the brake conditions meet the traction and the brake control requirements. All the results show that the real-time traction drive simulation platform can accurately simulate the real traction drive system, so the virtual traction drive system in the platform can be used to study and test the traction control unit instead of a real one.%通过分析某电动车组牵引传动系统的结构和工作原理,基于Simulink建立包含牵引变压器、四象限变流器、中间直流回路、PWM逆变器和牵引电机5个子模型的牵引传动系统离散数学模型,并联合dSPACE实时仿真器建立包含虚拟牵引传动系统、牵引控制器和接口箱的牵引传动系统实时仿真平台,以模拟电动车组运行时的牵引传动系统,并首次通过虚拟司控台和电动车组中央控制系统,模拟牵引传动系统对司机操纵的响应.利用该实时仿真平台对牵引控制器车载程序进行测试,得到的牵引特性曲线与给定的牵引特性曲线基本一致,牵引和制动工况下的四象限变流器和牵引电机的电压和电流也满足牵引和制动控制的要求,表明所建立的牵引传动系统实时仿真平台能够较准确地模拟实际电动车组牵引传动系统的运行,平台中的虚拟牵引传动系统可代替实际传动系统用于电动车组牵引控制器的研究及测试.