以碳酸钾为催化剂,催化大豆油与甲醇发生酯交换反应制备生物柴油.选择对酯交换反应影响较大的5个因素,通过正交试验优化出最佳反应条件.在最佳反应条件下考察了正己烷、三氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、石油醚和无水乙醚5种不同有机溶剂,以及原料油中不同水分含量对酯交换反应的影响.结果表明:正己烷是最佳的反应溶剂；随着原料油中水分含量的增加,反应转化率急剧下降.对生物柴油理化性能测试表明,自制生物柴油的主要理化性能指标基本上接近美国生物柴油标准(ASTM 6751 -03a).%Potassium carbonate was used as a catalyst to catalyze the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol to prepare biodiesel. Five factors were selected and an orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the best reaction conditions. Under the optimal reaction conditions the effects of the organic solvents of n - hexane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, petroleum ether and absolute ether and the water content in feed oil on the transesterification were investigated. The results showed that n - hexane was the best reaction solvent; with the increase of the water content, the conversion of the reaction decreased rapidly. The major physicochemical properties of the self - made biodiesel were near to the American biodiesel standard (ASTM 6751 - 03 a).
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