研究以高酸值废弃油脂为原料，在加压下制备生物柴油的技术。先在强酸浓 H2 SO4催化下，将游离脂肪酸进行酯化处理，再在强碱 NaOH 催化下，对甘油三酯进行酯交换制备生物柴油。结果表明，酯化的最佳工艺条件为：醇油摩尔比3：1、压力1．5 MPa、催化剂用量0．5%(以废弃油脂质量计)、反应时间30 min，在此条件下，废弃油脂酸值(KOH)可从120 mg / g 降至2．0 mg / g 以下；酯交换的最佳工艺条件为：醇油摩尔比2：1、压力0．8 MPa、催化剂用量0．5%(以粗甲酯质量计)、反应时间30 min，在此条件下，高酸值废弃油脂转化为生物柴油的产率可达98%以上，产品技术指标达到 GB / T 20828-2007标准限值。%The production technology of biodiesel from high acid value waste oil under pressure was stud-ied. Free fatty acid was esterified by concentrated sulfuric acid catalysis firstly, then transesterification of triglyceride to prepare biodiesel was catalyzed by sodium hydroxide. The results showed that the optimal esterification conditions were obtained as follows: molar ratio of methanol to oil 3: 1,pressure 1. 5 MPa, catalyst dosage 0. 5% (based on the mass of waste oil),reaction time 30 min,under these conditions, the acid value of waste oil reduced from 120 mgKOH/ g to 2. 0 mgKOH/ g;the optimal transesterification con-ditions were obtained as follows: molar ratio of methanol to oil 2: 1,pressure 0. 8 MPa,catalyst dosage 0. 5% (based on the mass of crude methyl ester),reaction time 30 min,under these conditions,the yield of biodiesel from high acid value waste oil reached 98% ,and the qualification of the product met the standard GB / T 20828-2007.
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