国际海洋法法庭与国际法院比较研究——以法庭在组成、管辖权、程序及判决方面的特征为中心

摘要

根据《联合国海洋法公约》(以下简称飞公约》”)成立的国际海洋法法庭是《公约》体制内的常设性法庭,其规约和规则是在借鉴与改进《国际法院规约》及其规则的基础上制定出来的.因此,在《公约》生效十周年之际,进行国际海洋法法庭与国际法院的比较研究,是很有现实意义的.本文首先比较了《国际法院规约》及其规则与《国际海洋法法庭规约》及其规则的相关条款,指出海洋法法庭与国际法院在组成、管辖和程序及判决方面的区别和特征.最后提出必须发挥专业性海洋法法庭的作用.%The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (hereinafter "the Tribunal") established in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (hereinafter "the Convention") is a permanent tribunal within the regime of the Convention,and its Statute and Rules have been developed with reference to the Statute and the Rules of the International Court of Justice (hereinafter "the Court") with improvements based thereon.Hence,on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the Convention's entry into force,a comparative study on the Tribunal and the Court would be considered worthwhile and assume great importance to the recurring event.This paper firstly compares relevant provisions of the Statute and the Rules of the Court with those of the Tribunal,pointing out the difference and characteristics of the Tribunal and the Court in terms of constitution,jurisdiction,procedure and judgment.It is finally proposed that the role of the specialized Tribunal shall be given to play.