Objective To discuss the influence factor of vascular dementia after cerebral arterial thrombosis. Methods Clinical data of 756 cases with cerebral arterial thrombosis in Central Hospital of Fushun City from January 2008 to February 2013 were analyzed retrospectively, grouped by vascular dementia. 456 cases were in the vascular dementia group, 300 cases were in the non-vascular dementia group. The general data of patients, living habit, vascular disease, stroke occurrence, lesion of cerebral infarction between the two groups were observed and compared. Results The sex ratio between the two groups had no significant difference (χ2=0.17, P=0.207). The age and ratios of degree of education lower than high school, manual worker were higher in the vascular dementia group than those in the non-vascular de-mentia group, with statistically significant differences (t=11.85, P=0.012;χ2=3.24, 17.97, P=0.036, 0.017). The incidence of smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia in vascular dementia group were higher than those in the non-vascular dementia group, with statistically significant differences (χ2=6.01, 8.27, 20.22, 7.32, 6.38, 6.01, P=0.026, 0.021, 0.012, 0.023, 0.025, 0.026). The ratios of patients with multiple cerebal infarction and his-tory of stroke were higher in the vascular dementia group than those in the non-vascular dementia group, with statisti-cally significant differences (χ2=24.09, 8.66, P=0.009, 0.020). The incidence of cerebral infarction located in lobe, occip-ital lobe, thalamus had no significant differences between the two groups (χ2=0.01, 0.01, 0.77, P=0.987, 0.987, 0.521). The incidence of cerebral infarction located in frontal lobe, temporal lobe and basal ganglia in the vascular dementia group were higher than those in the non-vascular dementia group, with statistically significant differences (χ2=10.48, 10.58, 5.42, P=0.017, 0.016, 0.027). Conclusion Age, culture level, nature of work, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, multiple cerebral infarction, history of stroke, cerebral infarction locat-ed in frontal lobe, temporal lobe and basal ganglia are all relevant factor of vascular dementia after cerebral arterial thrombosis. Grasp the risk factors can guide prevention and provide reliable theoretical basis for clinical treatment.%目的：探讨缺血性脑卒中后血管性痴呆的影响因素。方法回顾性分析抚顺市中心医院2008年1月~2013年2月收治的756例缺血性脑卒中患者临床资料，依据是否发生血管性痴呆进行分组，血管性痴呆组456例和非血管性痴呆组300例。观察并比较两组患者一般资料、生活习惯和血管性疾病、脑卒中发生情况、脑梗死部位。结果两组缺血性脑卒中患者性别比例无明显差异(χ2=0.17，P=0.207)，血管性痴呆组患者年龄、高中以下文化程度、体力劳动者比例均高于非血管性痴呆组(t=11.85，P=0.012，χ2=3.24、17.97，P=0.036、0.017)，血管性痴呆组患者吸烟、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、高脂血症发生率均高于非血管性痴呆组(χ2=6.01、8.27、20.22、7.32、6.38、6.01，P=0.026、0.021、0.012、0.023、0.025、0.026)，血管性痴呆组患者多发性脑梗死、脑卒中史比例均高于非血管性痴呆组(χ2=24.09、8.66，P=0.009、0.020)。两组顶叶、枕叶、丘脑的脑梗死发生率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.01、0.01、0.77，P=0.987、0.987、0.521)，血管性痴呆组患者额叶、颞叶、基底节脑梗死发生率高于非血管性痴呆组，差异均有统计学意义(χ2=10.48、10.58、5.42，P=0.017、0.016、0.027)。结论年龄、文化程度、工作性质、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、高脂血症、多发性脑梗死、脑卒中史、额叶、颞叶、基底节脑梗死均是缺血性脑卒中后血管性痴呆的相关因素，掌握危险因素可以为指导预防和临床治疗提供可靠的理论依据。
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