Objective To study the acute toxicity of Prunus mira oil used in mice,rats and rabbits.Methods 40 KM mice which were half male and half female were divided into blank control group and Prumus mira oil group,each group had 20 mice.Within 24 hours,the mice were given normal saline and Prumus mira oil with one maximum dosage amounting to 289.224 g dried medicinal herbs/(kg·d) in a total of 3 times through mouth.40 SD rats which were half male and half female were divided into blank control group and Prumus mira oil group,each group had 20 mice.Within 24 hours,the rats were also given normal saline and Prumus mira oil with one maximum dosage of 144.612 g dried medicinal herbs/(kg ·d) in a total of 3 times in the same way.16 New Zealand rabbits which were half male and half female were divided into blank control group and Prumus mira oil group,each group had 8 rabbits.Within 24 hours,the rabbits were given normal saline and Prumus mira oil with one maximum amount of 482.28 mg dried medicinal herbs/(cm2·d) 3 times through skin.And the toxic effects (death,poisoning symptoms) and the severity and recovery,as well as delayed reaction shown on these three animals were carefully observed within 14 days.Results There was no death,poisoning symptoms and organ abnormality visible to the naked eye.Compared with the blank control group,the mice and rats produce loose stool and oily hair after being given medicine within 1-3 d,but return to normal in 4 d.Compared with the blank control group,weights were significantly increased in the male mice (P ＜ 0.01),but significantly decreased in the male rats (P ＜ 0.01) after taking Prunus mira oil of 7 d (P ＜ 0.01),and the weights of female rabbits decreased significantly after taking Prunus mira oil of 2 d through skin (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the blank control group,the feed consumption of mice in the Prumus mira oil group were decreased after 1 d medication (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the blank control group,the average hemoglobin concentration of mice in the Prumus mira oil group were abnormal (P ＜ 0.05),but their blood biochemical indexes showed no obvious change.Some blood indexes [RDW-CV,PLT,PCT (P ＜ 0.05) as well as Mid％ (P ＜ 0.01)] and blood biochemical indexes [ALB,TP,GLO,CHOL,BUN,T-Bil and TG (P ＜ 0.05) as well as CREA (P ＜ 0.01)] showed abnormalities in rats of the Prumus mira oil group.Certain blood indexes [PLT,GR#,PCT,Mid％,PDW,LY％ and GR％ (P ＜ 0.05)] and blood biochemical indexes [AST and CREA (P ＜ 0.05)] showed abnormalities in rabbits of the Prumus mira oil group.Conclusion Maximum dosage given to the mice and rats through mouth are respectively 289.224 g dried medicinal herbs/(kg·d) and 144.612 g dried medicinal herbs/(kg ·d),while the maximum dosage given to the rabbits through skin is 482.28 mg dried medicinal herbs/(cm2 ·d).There is no security problem,but the blood routine and blood biochemistry indexes should be monitored during clinical application.%目的 研究光核桃仁油对小鼠、大鼠和兔的急性毒性.方法 KM种小鼠40只,雌雄各半,分为空白对照组和光核桃仁油组各20只,在24 h内分别连续灌胃3次生理盐水和光核桃仁油,最大给予剂量为289.224 g生药/(kg·d).SD大鼠40只,雌雄各半,分为空白对照组和光核桃仁油组各20只,在24 h内分别连续灌胃3次生理盐水和光核桃仁油,最大给予剂量为144.612 g生药/(kg·d).新西兰兔16只,雌雄各半,分为空白对照组和光核桃仁油组各8只,在24 h内分别连续涂抹皮肤3次生理盐水和光核桃仁油,最大给予剂量为482.28 mg生药/(em2·d).分别观察动物在14 d内所产生的毒性反应(死亡、中毒症状)及其严重程度、恢复情况、延迟反应等.结果 未见动物死亡、中毒症状和肉眼可见的脏器异常.与空白对照组比较,大鼠和小鼠在灌胃1—3 d后出现大便溏稀,毛发油渍,但4d后恢复正常.与空白对照组比较,在给药第7天雄性小鼠体重明显增高(P＜0.01),而雄性大鼠体重明显降低(P＜0.01);兔皮肤涂抹光核桃仁油第2天,雌兔体重明显下降(P＜0.05).与空白对照组比较,光核桃仁油组在给药后第1天小鼠饲料消耗量降低(P＜0.01).与空白对照组比较,小鼠平均血红蛋白浓度出现异常(P＜0.05),但血液生化指标无明显变化;大鼠部分血常规指标[红细胞宽度变异系数、血小板数和血小板比积(P＜0.05)以及中间细胞百分比(P＜0.01)]和血液生化指标[白蛋白、总蛋白、球蛋白、胆固醇、尿素氮、总红胆素和三酰甘油(P＜0.05)以及肌酐(P＜0.01)]出现异常;兔部分血常规指标[血小板数、粒细胞绝对值、血小板比积、中间细胞百分比、血小板分布宽度、淋巴细胞百分比和粒细胞百分比(P＜0.05)]和血液生化指标[谷草转氨酶和肌酐(P＜0.05)]出现异常.结论 大鼠和小鼠经口给予光核桃仁油的最大给药量分别为144.612 g生药/(kg·d)和289.224 g生药/(kg·d),兔经皮肤给予光核桃仁油的最大给药量为482.28 mg生药/(cm2·d),安全性良好,但在临床应用时应监测血常规和血液生化学指标.
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