目的 了解广州市养老机构的发展现状,对比广州市公办和民办养老机构的不同和各自存在的问题,并提出相应建议.方法 利用广州市民政局2015年养老机构统计表,通过Excel作描述性分析研究,指标包括机构数、床位数、面积、资金投入和养老护理员数.2016年6～10月对本研究团队选取的10家养老机构的管理者进行访谈,访谈的内容包括养老院基础设施情况、养老护理员和存在的问题.结果 广州市共有177家养老机构,养老机构床位总数为48 511张,民办养老机构占广州市养老机构总数的63.3％,民办养老机构床位数占养老机构总床位数的73.0％;公办养老机构人均占地面积为73.19 m2,民办养老机构人均占地面积为24.78 m2,公办养老机构人均建筑面积为30.87 m2,民办养老机构为22.76 m2;2015年民办养老机构建设投资额高于公办养老机构188 939.42万元,社会投入比公办养老机构高31 873.84万元,各级福彩公益金投入比公办养老机构低5590.845万元;在养老护理员配比方面,公办养老机构护理员与人住老人数的比例为1∶4.25,民办养老机构为1∶5.70.结论 民办养老机构已成为广州市机构养老服务的支柱,总体资金投入额远超公办养老机构,但发展受土地影响较大,养老护理员与老年人的比例低于公办养老机构.建议政府应该放开养老行业的准人标准,鼓励社会资本投入民办养老机构建设,促进民办养老机构的发展;政府应对民办养老机构的土地使用给予优惠政策;提高养老护理员的薪资待遇、职业技能和职业认同感.%Objective To understand the current situation of nursing institution for the aged in Guangzhou,and compare the different and problems between private and public nursing institution so as to make relevant suggestions.Methods Descriptive analysis method was used to analyze data among number of institutions,beds area,investment and nursing assistant collected from the Civil Affairs Bureau of Guangzhou in 2015.An interview survey was conducted among infrastructure conditions,nursing assistants and problem from June to October 2016.Results The total number of the nursing institution for the aged were 177,and the beds were 48 511.Private nursing institution accounted for 63.3％ of the total number of the nursing institution in Guangzhou,and the beds accounted for 73.0％.The area per capita of the public nursing institution for the aged was 73.19 m2 and the private nursing institution was 24.78 m2.In addition,the floor area per capita of the public nursing institution for the aged was 30.87 m2 and the private nursing institution was 22.76 m2.The construction investment of the private nursing institution for the aged was higher than the public pension agency of 1.8 893 942 billion Yuan,society or public pension agency high of 318.7384 million Yuan,but the lottery welfare fund was lower of 55.908 45 million Yuan.At last,the proportion was 1∶4.25 between nursing assistant and the elderly in public nursing institution for the aged and it was 1∶5.70 in the private nursing institution for the aged.Conclusion The private nursing institution has become the mainstay of pension service,and the overall investment of private nursing institution is far exceeds the public nursing institution,but the development of pri vate nursing institutions are greatly influenced by land.In addition,the proportion between nursing assistant and the elderly in private nursing institution is lower than in public nursing institution.To solve above problems,governments should let go of pension industry access standards,encourage social funds to be invested on pension service to promote the development of private nursing institutions and give preferential policy on land using.In addition,the government should improve the salary of nursing assistants and enhance the vocational skills and professional identify.
展开▼
