宅基地权利分置的制度结构与农户福利

摘要

研究目的:在分析宅基地制度改革面临的理论与实践困境基础上,提出一种权利分置的制度安排,期望为深化宅基地制度改革提供新的思路.研究方法:运用Amartya Sen的可行能力理论及自然实验法、实证分析法与主成分分析法,分析城乡联建对农户福利的影响,作为检验宅基地权利分置制度绩效的现实参照.研究结果:联建后农户总体福利得到较大程度的改善;从子系统看,福利效应最显著的是居住环境和公共服务,就业发展和家庭经济居中,公平感知最差;从重要性来看,农户看重的福利因素依次为公共服务、家庭经济、居住环境、就业发展、公平感知.研究结论:宅基地权利分置改革思路可行,风险可控,但约束条件与机制设计至关重要.应以权利分置为突破口深化宅基地制度改革,并从底线出发搞好约束机制设计.%Based on the analysis of the theoretical and practical difficulties of the rural residential land reform, we propose a "right separation" institutional arrangement that is expected to provide new ideas for deepening the rural residential land reform. The Amartya Sen's theory of practical ability, natural experiment, empirical analysis and principal component analysis are used to analyze the impact of rural-urban cooperative construction on farmer's welfare as a practical reference for the performance of "right separation" . The results showed that the overall welfare of rural households was improved to a great extent due to cooperatire construction. From the perspective of subsystems, the most significant welfare effects were living environment and public services, with the employment development and family economy being moderate, and the fair perception being the worst. From the perspective of importance, the welfare factors valued by farmers from high to low extents are public service, family economy, living environment, employment development and fair perception, sequentially. In conclusion, the idea of right separation of rural residential land is feasible and risk-controllable, but the constraints and mechanism design are crucial. We should take the right separation as a breakthrough point to deepen the rural residential land reform and start from the bottom line to well design the constraint mechanism.