Objective To know whether there is a national difference in the incidence rate between different high-risk birth defects in Nanning and study its causes, and summarize the strategies of reducing the incidence rate of birth defects accord-ing to various risk factors and realize the sound child rearing in Nanning region. Methods The exposed risk factors of par-ents of 1274 perinatal infants with birth defects in Nanning were given 1 : 1 matched case-control study, the relevant influ-ence factors were studied and analyzed, and the case data base was established by Excel, and then the data was analyzed and treated by SPSS16.0 statistical software. Results In the defect group, 574 cases were Zhuang people, 666 cases were Han people, the incidence rates of congenital heart disease, cleft palate , harelip and cleft palate, hypospadias and gas-troschisis in Han people were higher than those in Zhuang people, the incidence rates of harelip, congenital hydrocephalus, neural tube defect, fetal edema syndrome, esophageal a-tresia or stenosis, anorectum atresia or stenosis and con-genital diaphragmatic hernia in Zhuang people were high-er than those in Han people, and the differences had sta-tistical significance, living in the polluted environment, exposure to radiation or toxic chemicals during pregnancy, medication without guidance of doctors during pregnancy, age of pregnant women more than 35, congenital disease family history, chemical exposure history of fathers, smoking and alcohol history of fathers, nutrition of pregnant women and dysthymia during pregnancy were related to the birth defects, and all of them were risk factors of birth defects. Conclusion There is a difference in the high-risk birth defect epidemic cause be-tween Zhuang people and Han people in Nanning with national specificity, the intervention in predicting birth defects in our region can be conducted from the aspects of environment, bad living habits, vocational factor and mental factor to reduce risk factors and avoid the occurrence of birth defects in perinatal infants.%目的：了解南宁市不同高发出生缺陷病种间发病率是否具有民族差异，并对其产生的原因进行探讨。针对各种危险因素总结降低出生缺陷病发率的对策，实现南宁地区优生优育。方法通过采用1：1配对病例对照研究分析南宁1274对出生缺陷的围产儿的父母所暴露的危险因素进行研究，对其影响的相关因素进行探讨分析。采用Excel建立病例数据资料库，然后运用SPSS 16.0统计学软件进行数据的分析与处理。结果缺陷组中，壮族574例，汉族666例。以P>0.05为差异有统计学意义。先天性心脏病、腭裂、唇裂合并腭裂、尿道下裂、腹裂发生率汉族高于壮族；唇裂、先天性脑积水、神经管缺陷、胎儿水肿综合征、食道闭锁或狭窄、直肠肛门闭锁或狭窄，先天性膈疝发生率壮族高于汉族，其差异有统计学意义。居住在污染的环境，孕期接触放射线或有毒化学物质，孕期服药未经医生指导，孕妇年龄在35岁以上者，先天疾患家族史，父亲化学制剂接触史，父亲烟、酒史，孕妇的营养状况，孕期情绪不良等与均出生缺陷的发生有关，均为出生缺陷危险因素。结论南宁壮族与汉族高发出生缺陷流行病因存在差异，具有民族特异性。在我地区预防出生缺陷可从环境、生活不良嗜好、职业因素、心理因素等方面进行干预，减少危险因素而避免围生儿出生缺陷的发生。
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