Objective To study and analyze the influencing factors of malnutrition in children under the age of 5 years old. Meth-ods 2800 children under 5 years old in the local area were selected. The nutritional status, diet, birth situation, knowledge of family members and so on of the children were investigated;adverse factors of malnutrition in children under 5 years old were ex-plored. Results Of the investigated 2800 cases of children under 5 years old, there were varying degrees of malnutrition in 348 children,accouting for 12.4%, Among them, there were 92 cases of low weight, accounting for 3.3%, 104 cases of overweight, ac-counting for 3.7%, 152 cases of delayed growth and development, accounting for 5.4%. The degree of education of a total of 264 family members of the 348 children with malnutrition was or below junior secondary school level, accounting for 75.9%. The more common supplementary food in the children diet were grain, potato, meat, dairy products, vegetables, fruit and so on. Conclusion The main influencing factors of malnutrition in children under age 5 are the degree of education of the children's family members, the diet and the birth situation. Therefore, the diet of the children should be improved as far as possible and breast feeding is rec-ommended, which are of great significance for the healthy growth of the children in later life.%研究分析5岁以下儿童营养不良的各项影响因素。方法选取该地区2012年5岁以下儿童2800人，对所有儿童的营养状况、饮食情况、出生情况以及家庭各成员知识程度等方面进行调查，探讨5岁以下儿童营养不良的各项不良因素。结果该次调查的2800名5岁以下儿童中，有348名儿童存在不同程度的营养不良，占12.4%，其中：体重偏低92人，占3.3%。体重偏重104人，占3.7%。生长发育延缓152人，占5.4%。在348名营养不良儿童中，家庭成员文化程度在初中及以下的共有264人，占75.9%。儿童日常饮食中较为常见的辅助食品为：谷物、薯类、肉类、奶制品、蔬菜以及水果等。结论影响5岁以下儿童营养不良的主要因素为家庭成员的文化程度、日常饮食以及出生情况，对此应该尽量改善儿童膳食结构、建议母乳喂养，对于儿童后期的健康成长具有十分重要的意义。
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