柞蚕免疫蛹粉在刺参健康养殖中的应用研究

摘要

体外诱导方法制备含有抗菌活性物质的柞蚕蛹粉，并将其以不同比例（0%、1.0%、2.0%）添加到刺参饲料中，并对照商品抗菌肽产品（0.5%添加），制成C、M1、M2和K几种等能、等氮饲料，探讨其在海参养殖中的应用可行性。结果发现，抗菌肽添加组（K）刺参的体增重率（82.06%）显著高于对照组（C）（64.77%）（P<0.05），M1组比对照组提高13.4%，但差异不显著。免疫学指标测定中发现，刺参体腔细胞吞噬活性在各组间无显著差异，但各添加组体腔液超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），M2、K组溶菌酶（LSZ）和M1、M2组酸性磷酸酶（ACP）活性与对照组相比均表现出显著提高（P<0.05），其中SOD活性M1、M2组和K组分别比对照组提高了40.24%、49.91%和61.49%；LSZ活性M2组和K组分别比对照组提高6.41%和5.48%；ACP活性，M1组和M2组分别比对照组提高了29.65%和37.34%。经体腔注射用灿烂弧菌（Vibrio splendidus）侵染各组健康刺参，三处理组刺参均表现出一定的对病原菌的抵抗力，但其中K组刺参的免疫保护率最高。电镜切片显示，柞蚕抗菌肽和免疫蛹粉可以提高小肠绒毛的长度，但2.0%免疫蛹粉则对小肠形态产生一定程度的破坏。综上，饲料添加1.0%柞蚕免疫蛹粉可有效促进刺参生长，并提高抗病力。%Immunity induced pupae of Antheraea Pernyi powder(IPP)was produced by our institute,and supplement-ed into basic diets of sea cucumber with the different levels (0%,1.0%and 2.0%),simultaneously 0.5%merchandise an-timicrobial peptides was used as a refer.Four isonitrogenous and isoenergic diets contained different levels of IPP and an-timicrobial peptides were formulated named group C,M1,M2 and K,respectively.After 60 days feeding trail,growth perfor-mance,immunity,disease-resistance and intestinal epithelial cells of sea cucumber with average weight of (1.24±0.41)g were investigated to discuss its feasible application in sea cucumber culture.Results showed that the weight gain rate of group K (82.06%)adding antimicrobial peptides was significantly higher than that of group C (64.77%) (P < 0.05).Al-though group M1 increased by 13.4%than the control,no significant difference was found.As to the immunological param-eters,no significant difference of phagocytic activity of coelomic cells was observed among groups,while activities of su-peroxide dismutase (SOD) of all treated groups,lysozyme (LSZ) of groups M2 and K,and acid phosphatase (ACP) of groups M1and M2 were all significantly higher than that of the controls (P<0.05).Among them,the SOD of activity group M1,M2 and K increased by 40.24%,49.91% and 61.49%,respectively;the LSZ activity of group M2 and K increased by 6.41% and 5.48%,respectively;while the ACP activity of group M1 ang M2 was found 29.65% and 37.34% higher than that of the control.Infectious disease test showed that sea cu cumber of three treated groups presented resistance against pathogenic bacteria to an certain extent,while group K showed the highest immune protection rate.An electron microscopic study was undertaken to investigate the effect of dietary IPP and antimicrobial peptides on intestinal villi and their villi pro-moting effect exhibited,however,2.0%IPP showed some damage to intestinal villi.From the above,1.0%IPP supplemented in the basic diets could increase growth performance and dis-ease resistance of the sea cucumber in the study.