规则空间模型（RSM）是一种将认知心理学和心理计量学相结合的认知诊断模型,可用于识别被试的属性掌握模式（即知识结构）及诊断被试解题过程中的认知错误。本研究应用规则空间模型对小学五年级学生的分数知识结构（包括6个属性）进行认知诊断,最终将386名被试判归入26种属性掌握模式。规则空间模型对于大规模考试实践具有重要指导意义,考试管理机构应借鉴规则空间模型的思想,提高命题质量、改进分数报告,更好地发挥考试的教育功能。%Rule Space Model （RSM for short）, which combines with the cognitive psychology and psychometrics, is used to identify students＇ attribute-mastery patterns （knowledge structure） and diagnose cognitive errors during problem-solving. This paper applied RSM to diagnosing fifth-graders＇ fraction-knowledge structure, which involves 6 cognitive attributes, and classified 386 test-takers into 26 different fraction-knowledge structures according to their actual response patterns. RSM provides great technical support and guidance to large-scale examinations and Educational examination authority should improve test construction and score report based on the research accomplishment of cognitive diagnosis, so as to promote educational function of examination.
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